Wind Diesel Generation For Bells Cyber Center

ABSTRACT

This study is on a Wind-and-Diesel Hybrid power system to be used in BELL cyber center. This was achieved through five phases of work: a wind resource assessment was undertaken using Weibull probability distribution; an optimal wind turbine blade was designed applying the tip-loss model approach; the hybrid system was sized; Simulation were performed on the hybrid power system; and an economic analysis was conducted on the system adopting the life cycle cost method. The results obtained on the wind data analysis showed that even at a high hub height, the wind speed of BELL zone is low. The simulation results obtained shows that wind-and-diesel hybrid power system with battery storage can be operated suitably to obtain a more reliable power supply as well as improve fuel savings. Economic analysis conducted shows the positive benefits of implementing the hybrid wind-and-diesel power system rather than continuing with the existing diesel power plant over the project life cycle of 20 years.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Power networks are widely made to spread for continuous and high-quality power supply both in urban and rural areas. However, an exception to this is experienced in Nigeria where the absence of stable and adequate electricity supply is not only limited to the rural regions but is also experienced in most urban areas. Thus, individuals who need continuous power supply utilize diesel generators to meet electricity demand either for private or commercial purpose. Over the years it is observed that the fuel price and environmental hazards caused from usage of diesel generator has increased. Hence, application of renewable energy has become popular as an alternative and clean energy. Recently, an alternative energy source such as wind is being used to reduce fuel consumption for power generation.

According to Carvalho (2012), a wind-diesel hybrid system is any autonomous electricity generating system using wind turbine(s) with diesel generator(s) to obtain a maximum contribution by the intermittent wind resource to the total power produced, while providing continuous high quality electric power [Carvalho, 2012].

The main goal with these systems is to reduce fuel consumption and in this way to reduce system operating costs and environmental impacts. These fuel consumption savings are maximum with wind- diesel systems with high wind penetration, in which the diesel(s) generators may be shut down during high wind availability. A system is considered to be a high penetration system when the amount of wind produced at any time versus the total amount of energy produced is over 100%. If the system is in the way that diesels have to run full time, the wind-diesel hybrid is classified as low or medium wind penetration depending on the ratio wind power output/primary electrical load [Olayinka, 2012]. Low penetration systems are those with less than 50% peak instantaneous penetration and medium penetration systems have between 50%-100% of their energy being produced from wind at any one time. Low and medium penetration systems are a mature technology. High penetration systems (> 100% peak instantaneous penetration), however, still have many problems, especially when installed with that capacity to operate in a diesel-off mode. However, this work was carried out to setup a wind-diesel generation for BELL cyber Center.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

In remote places, electricity is produced using diesel generators at very high economic and environmental costs. Since most of these locations possess good wind conditions an obvious solution to reduce this burden is to couple a wind turbine with the diesel generator. However, in the absence of a storage system, the penetration factor must be kept low due to the constraints related to the operation of the diesel generator. This leads to a waste of the wind turbine electricity and significantly reduces the economic interest of the method. Penetration factor can be largely increased by the addition of an energy storage system. The utilization of the excess energy allows a much more stable power and the complete stop of the diesel generators when they are not needed and a close to optimal performance of it, which reduces their maintenance cost. Nevertheless, the optimization of the whole system is critical to reach an adequate level of performance. This study describes this optimization process and the selected system concept.

1.3                                     AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main aim of this study is to combine energy from an AC generator and Wind to generate and supply electricity to BELL cyber center. The objectives are:

1. To provide an alternative means of power supply in other to ensure a steady power supply in BELL cyber center.
2. To provide a sustainable and reliable power supply.

• To obtain a more reliable power supply as well as improve fuel savings

1. To develop a model for Diesel and wind generator.

1.4                                                PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of this study is to reduce fuel consumption and in this way to reduce system operating costs and environmental impacts.

1.5                                                PROBLEM OF THE STUDY

However, the output power generated by renewable power sources always fluctuates depending on the environmental conditions. In order to continuously generate power from renewable energy, there is need for a backup system such as a battery or diesel generator.

1.6                                                      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research work will throw more light on the best techniques used for wind diesel generation. This study will also be designed to be of immense benefit to all the users and intending users of hybrid energy.

It will also serve as a guide to whoever that wants to go into renewable energy generation

1.7                                                  LIMITATION OF STUDY

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding hybrid energy and this led us visiting different libraries and internet for solution.

Financial Constraint:        Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection via internet.

Time Constraint:   The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work

1.8                                             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.9                                    PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.