Single Phase Controlled Rectified Charger For Charging Automotive Battery

ABSTRACT

Controlled rectified charger for charging automotive battery is an improved battery charger circuit for rapidly charging a battery by increasing the rate of battery charge acceptance through periodic battery discharge during the charging process includes a pair of first and second controlled rectifier circuits coupled to an AC source and adapted for coupling to a battery. The first controlled rectifier circuit is rendered conductive during the charging intervals to supply the battery with charge current from the AC source. The second controlled rectifier circuit is rendered conductive during battery discharge intervals to discharge the battery in a substantially lossless manner by conducting battery discharge current through the AC source, thus realizing a highly efficient battery charger.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM/OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF BATTERY CHARGER

2.2      REVIEW OF BATTERY CHARGER

2.3      REVIEW OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF BATTERY CHARGERS

2.4      REVIEW OF SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIER (SCR)

2.5      SCR OPERATING MODES

2.6      SCR IN FORWARD AND REVERSE CHARACTERISTICS

2.7    PARAMETERS OF SCR

2.8    OVERVIEW OF SINGLE PHASE RECTIFICATION

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.4      SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1            RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING

4.2      CASING AND PACKAGING

4.3      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.4      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.5     COST OF PRODUCTION

CHAPTER FIVE

• SUMMARY
• CONCLUSION/SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENT

5.3     REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.1                                                     INTRODUCTION

A battery is a device which can store energy in chemical form and convert that energy into electrical energy when needed. It can be secondary (rechargeable) or primary (Non rechargeable) Rechargeable batteries have an advantage over primary batteries with the fact that they can be reused. This is possible by charging a battery, i.e. feeding energy to the secondary cell by forcing electric current through it.

A battery basically consists of number of cells, with each cell consisting of two electrodes immersed in an electrolyte solution consisting of an acid and distilled water. In charged state, one of the electrodes consists of a metal whereas the other consists of metal oxide. The acid enables flow of ions between the two electrodes.

When the battery starts discharging, electrons flow from one electrode (anode) and get accumulated at another electrode (cathode). This happens by the process of oxidation and reduction and continues till both the electrodes are devoid of reagents and the battery is completely discharged. The charging is then done externally by providing external electric current so that the anode receives electrons and the excess electrons are removed from the cathode. However a problem arises when the battery gets overcharged, this leads to more gassing effect. Even excessive discharging of a battery reduces its age.

A solution to this problem is to ensure a controlled charging method such that the battery charging and discharging is done in a controlled manner. This article describes a simple controlled battery charger using an SCR. The AC signal is rectified using a SCR.

1.2                                              PROBLEM STATEMENT

The major problem with a conventional battery charger is the ability to charge quickly due to its low current circuit. This device was invented to overcome this challenge. This device rapidly charging a battery by increasing the rate of battery charge acceptance through periodic battery discharge during the charging process includes a pair of first and second controlled rectifier circuits coupled to an AC source and adapted for coupling to a battery.

1.3                               AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of the project is to design a device that will recharge 12v lead acid battery SCR as the major charging components. The objectives are:

1. to charge a motor battery direct from a rectified circuit
2. to charge an acid lead battery at higher current

• to use few electronics components to build a battery charger.

1. to provide a battery charger circuit for rapidly charging a battery by periodically discharging the battery in a substantially lossless manner at a high rate for short intervals during the charging process.
2. to provide a battery charger for rapidly charging batteries through periodic battery discharge which is accomplished in a substantially lossless manner by conducting battery discharge current through the AC source from which it is being charged.

1.4                                      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This device charges 12v acid battery mainly at higher current. Working on this project has exposed us the knowledge about the applications and operation of silicon controlled rectifier.

1.5                                       APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This battery charger is used in the following devices:

1. It is used in inverter
2. It is used in Solar energy system
3. It is used in vehicles
4. It is used in an uninterruptible power supply (UPS), etc.

1.6                                        LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

• Time Constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work.

1.7                                              SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The AC main voltage is given to the SCR for rectification and SCR rectifies AC main voltage. This rectified voltage is used to charge battery.

When the battery connecter to the charging circuit, the battery will not be dead completely and it will get discharged this will give the forward bias voltage to the silicon controlled rectifier.

1.9                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.