Rewinding And Installation Of 18Kva Diesel Engine Generator

ABSTRACT

A diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electric generator (often an alternator) to generate electrical energy. When a diesel generator fails, the user must decide whether to repair or replace it. To make a proper decision, one must consider the cost of the repair, the availability of a replacement, the age of the diesel generator, the electrical design required for the application, any special mechanical features, and the urgency of returning the failed diesel generator to service. Placing the driven equipment back into service is frequently the highest priority, and users often make their decision based on this criterion alone. Plant managers tend to be less concerned if the rewound diesel generator is less efficient when their operation’s downtime is costing thousands

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• AIM OF THE PROJECT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• BENIFIT OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• THE ORIGIN OF ELECTRIC POWER GENERATOR
• REVIEW OF AN ALTERNATOR
• ORIGIN OF ALTERNATORS
• GENERATOR SIZE
• GENERATOR SIZING AND RATING
• GENERATOR CONTROL SYSTEM
• ALTERNATOR AND ROTOR

 CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• GENERATOR PARTS AND THEIR WORKING FUNCTION
• MATERIAL USED
• TOOLS USED
• WINDING CONSIDERATION
• CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS
• REWINDING PROCESS

 CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING AND RESULTS

• PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF DIESEL ENGINE GENERATOR
• MAINTENANCE OF GENERATOR
• IMPORTANCE OF MAINTENACNCE
• DEFINITION AND MAINTENACE OF PARTS OF A 18KVA GENEGRATOR
• PRESTART CHECKLIST
• GENERATORS – PROBLEMS AND REMEDIES

 CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION

Diesel generators are everywhere, which is used to power household appliances such as water pumps and refrigerators to industry equipment such conveyor belts etc.

A diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electric generator (often an alternator) to generate electrical energy. This is a specific case of engine-generator. A diesel compression-ignition engine is usually designed to run on diesel fuel, but some types are adapted for other liquid fuels or natural gas.

Diesel generating sets are used in places without connection to a power grid, or as emergency power-supply if the grid fails, as well as for more complex applications such as peak-lopping, grid support and export to the power grid.

Proper sizing of diesel generators is critical to avoid low-load or a shortage of power. Sizing is complicated by the characteristics of modern electronics, specifically non-linear loads. In size ranges around 50 MW and above, an open cycle gas turbine is more efficient at full load than an array of diesel engines, and far more compact, with comparable capital costs; but for regular part-loading, even at these power levels, diesel arrays are sometimes preferred to open cycle gas turbines, due to their superior efficiencies.

When faced with this problem, the user must decide between repairing, rewinding or replacing their motor. In this work we are focusing on the rewinding and installation of an 18kva diesel generator.

1.1                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

The packaged combination of a diesel engine, a generator and various ancillary devices (such as base, canopy, sound attenuation, control systems, circuit breakers, jacket water heaters and starting system) is referred to as a “generating set” or a “genset” for short.

Set sizes range from 8 to 30 kW (also 8 to 30 kVA single phase) for homes, small shops and offices with the larger industrial generators from 8 kW (11 kVA) up to 2,000 kW (2,500 kVA three phase) used for large office complexes, factories. A 2,000 kW set can be housed in a 40 ft (12 m) ISO container with fuel tank, controls, power distribution equipment and all other equipment needed to operate as a standalone power station or as a standby backup to grid power. These units, referred to as power modules are gensets on large triple axle trailers weighing 85,000 pounds (38,555 kg) or more. A combination of these modules are used for small power stations and these may use from one to 20 units per power section and these sections can be combined to involve hundreds of power modules. In these larger sizes the power module (engine and generator) are brought to site on trailers separately and are connected together with large cables and a control cable to form a complete synchronized power plant. A number of options also exist to tailor specific needs, including control panels for autostart and mains paralleling, acoustic canopies for fixed or mobile applications, ventilation equipment, fuel supply systems, exhaust systems, etc.^[1] Diesel generators, sometimes as small as 200 kW (250 kVA) are widely used not only for emergency power, but also many have a secondary function of feeding power to utility grids either during peak periods, or periods when there is a shortage of large power generators.

Ships often also employ diesel generators, sometimes not only to provide auxiliary power for lights, fans, winches etc., but also indirectly for main propulsion. With electric propulsion the generators can be placed in a convenient position, to allow more cargo to be carried. Electric drives for ships were developed before World War I. Electric drives were specified in many warships built during World War II because manufacturing capacity for large reduction gears was in short supply, compared to capacity for manufacture of electrical equipment.^[2] Such a diesel-electric arrangement is also used in some very large land vehicles such as railroad locomotives.

The decision to rewind a generator begins with an assessment of its performance and condition. The tools include testing that combines electrical measurements, such as megger, polarization index, hi-pot, surge and partial discharge levels, with a comprehensive visual assessment. Repair specialists collect these results and take into account the required reliability the customer needs before making a recommendation.

1.2                                                   AIM OF THE PROJECT

The aim of this project is to rewind and install an 18kw diesel generator.

•                         OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

At the end of this work student involved will:

1. Learn about mantling and dismantling of a burnt or spoilt diesel generator.
2. Learn how to count number of turns of coil
   • PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of this work is to expose students to the need of restoring a spoil or burnt diesel alternator instead of buying a new one.

1.5                                               BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT

The importance of rewinding a diesel generator is to reduce the cost of buying new generator, and in the course of rewinding the efficiency of the machine can be increased.

1.6                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The obvious best approach is to rewind the diesel generator.  If the magnetic core of a failed generator is undamaged and appropriate procedures are followed, a rewound generator will retain its original efficiency.  Properly repaired, a “standard” efficiency generator will have its original “standard” efficiency, and an energy-efficient (EE) generator will have its original high efficiency.

On the other hand, those times when a generator alternator has failed are also opportunities to upgrade alternator efficiency.  Especially if the failed generator is 10 or more years old — perhaps with unknown efficiency, and possibly having been improperly rewound in the past — you will want to seriously consider all the options, and look into the economics of replacing it with a new alternator.

1.7                                              PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

The problem or issues noticed in this work is that it is very difficult and time consuming to rewind a spoilt generator.