Phytochemical Analysis On Moringa Oleifera And Azadrichta Indica Leaves

Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
List of figure
List of table

CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background of study 1
1.2 Phytochemical 3
1.2.1 Activity of phytochemical 4
1.3 Statement of problem 5
1.4 Aims and Objectives of study 6
1.5 Significant of study 6
1.6 Scope of study 6

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review 7
2.1 Botany of Moringa oleifera 7
2.1.1 Classification 7
2.1.2 Origin and Habitat 8
2.1.3 Description 9
2.1.4 Ecology and cultivation 9
2.1.5 Traditional uses 11
2.1.6 Common name 12
2.1.7 Pharmacological activity of Moringa oleifera 13
2.2 Botany of Azadrichta indica 18
2.2.1 Classification 18
2.2.2 Origin and habitat 19
2.2.3 Description 19
2.2.4 Ecology and cultivation 21
2.2.5 Traditional uses 22
2.2.6 Common name 22
2.2.7 Pharmacological activity of Azadrichta indica 22
2.3 Phytochemical 26
2.3.1 Types of phytochemicals 27
2.3.1.1 Tannin 28
2.3.1.2 Phenol 29
2.3.1.3 Saponin 30
2.3.1.4 Steroids 31
2.3.1.5 Flavonoids 33
2.3.1.6 Alkaloids 35
2.3.1.7 Glycosides 36

CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods 37
3.1 Collection and preparation of material 37
3.2 Equipment / apparatus 37
3.3 Reagents 38
3.4 Methods 39
3.4.1 Qualitative Analysis 39
3.4.2 Preparation of Wagner’s reagent 40
3.4.3 Preparation of Mayer’s reagent 40
3.4.4 Test for Alkaloid 40
3.4.5 Test for Saponin 41
3.4.6 Test for Flavonoid 42
3.4.7 Test for Steroid 42
3.4.8 Test for Tannin 42
3.4.9 Test for Glycoside 43
3.5 Quantitative Analysis 43
3.5.1 Flavonoid determination 43
3.5.2 Alkaloid determination 44
3.5.3 Tannin determination 44
3.5.4 Saponin determination 45
3.5.5 Glycoside determination 45
3.5.6 Phenol determination 46

CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results and Discussion 47
4.1 Qualitative Analysis result 47
4.2 Quantitative Analysis result 49
4.3 Discussion of result 50

CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Conclusions 52
5.2 Recommendations 52
REFERENCE 53 – 54
APPENDIX 55 – 58