Nanotechnology In Engineering

ABSTRACT

Nanotechnology is helping to considerably improve, even revolutionize, many technology and industry sectors: information technology, energy, environmental science, medicine, homeland security, food safety, and transportation, among many others. Today’s nanotechnology harnesses current progress in chemistry, physics, materials science, and biotechnology to create novel materials that have unique properties because their structures are determined on the nanometer scale. This paper summarizes the various applications of nanotechnology in engineering.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• AIM OF THE STUDY
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
• RESEARCH QUESTION
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1      OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
2.2     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

2.3    NANOPATTERNING AND NANOSTRUCTURING OF SURFACES

2.4    REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      METHODOLOGY

3.1      NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLIED IN ENGINEERING

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1      MATERIALS USED BY NANOENGINEERS

4.2      DIFFERENT TYPES OF NANOPARTICLES

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1      CONCLUSION

5.2      REFERENCE

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                          INTRODUCTION

1.1                            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nanotechnology in engineering is known as nanoengineering which is a branch of engineering that deals with all aspects of the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures on the nanoscale. At its core, nanoengineering deals with nanomaterials and how they interact to make useful materials, structures, devices and systems.

Nanoengineering is not exactly a new science, but, rather, an enabling technology with applications in most industries from electronics, to energy.

While the term nanoengineering is often used synonymously with the more general term nanotechnology, the former technically focuses more closely on the engineering aspects of the field, as opposed to the broader science and general technology aspects that are encompassed by the latter.

Other closely related terms used in this context are nanofabrication and nanomanufacturing. One possible approach to distinguish between the terms is by using the criterion of economic viability: The connotations of industrial scale and profitability associated with the word manufacturing imply that nanomanufacturing is an economic activity with industrial production facilities with more or less fully automated assembly lines. By contrast, nanofabrication is more of a research activity based on developing new materials and processes – it’s more a domain of skilled craftsmen and not of mass production.

In general, engineering is the branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures. Correspondingly, but at the scale of atoms and molecules, nanoengineeering exploit the unique properties of nanoscale materials  in order to design and manufacture devices and systems that possess entirely new functionality and capabilities.

The properties of materials can be different at the nanoscale for two main reasons:

First, nanomaterials have a relatively larger surface area when compared to the same mass of material produced in a larger form. This can make materials more chemically reactive, and affect their strength or electrical properties.

Second, quantum effects can begin to dominate the behavior of matter at the nanoscale – particularly at the lower end – affecting the optical, electrical and magnetic behavior of materials. Materials can be produced that are nanoscale in one dimension, in two dimensions or in all three dimensions.

Nanoscale objects are difficult to manipulate, as they are too tiny to see directly by eye, far too small to hold, and often have incompatible surfaces for assembling into ordered structures. Therefore the fabrication of complex nanoarchitectures requires sophisticated techniques of nanoscale engineering. To do this, nanoengineers are employing a number of methods to leverage the manipulation of materials on an atomic and molecular scale for industrial purposes.

Among the many challenges that researchers have to overcome in developing nanoengineering techniques and processes, the requirement for extremely precise, nanometer-scale control of positioning and shaping of objects is one of the most vexing.

1.2                                       AIM OF THE STUDY

The main aim of this work is to carry out a research that will educate engineering and technology undergraduate students on the engineering application of nanotechnology.

1.3                                    SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Nanoscience involves studying the application of things that scale between 1 and 100 nanometers. In this field of study, scientists and engineers use nanotechnology engineering to manipulate individual atoms and molecules and create nanotechnology, which operates at a microscopic level. This process of nanotechnology engineering is used to produce materials with enhanced properties, like higher durability with less physical mass.

1.4                                  PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this work is to study how Nanotechnology can be applied to the engineering field.

1.5                                    RESEARCH QUESTION

At the end of this work answer to these question shall be provided:

What are the main objectives of nano science technology?

What is the main purpose of nanotechnology?

What is nanotechnology engineering?

What the benefit of nanotechnology engineering?

What are the applications of nanotechnology in engineering?

1.6                                             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.7                                     PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.