The purpose of this work was to study the effect of chemical surface properties of
activated carbons for their use in water purification. To achieve this objective,
activated carbon in both granular and powdered forms namely: as received and
devolatilized carbons were prepared. Proximate analysis of the carbon materials
was performed. Mass titration experiments were carried out to determine the point
of zero charge of the activated carbon materials. Again, using an ultraviolet
spectrophotometer, the adsorption of phenol on as-received and devolatilized
activated carbon was investigated. Adsorption isotherms were acquired from which
the monolayer adsorption capacities were calculated.
CHE/2007/063 6
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of contents
List of Tables
List of Figures
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Origin and nature of activated 1
1.2 Methods of manufacture of activated carbon 2
1.3 Need for present investigation 3
1.4 Objectives and Scope of the study 4
CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW 6
CHE/2007/063 7
2.1 Preamble 6
2.2 The adsorption process 6
2.3 Historical background of activated carbon 7
2.4 Raw materials for the production of activated carbon 9
2.5 Activated carbon manufacturing process 9
2.5.1 Thermal processing technique 10
2.5.2 Chemical activation technique 13
2.5.3 Steam activation technique 13
2.6 Properties of activated carbon 14
2.6.1 Physical properties 15
2.6.2 Chemical properties 15
2.7 Structure of activated carbon 17
2.8 Applications of activated carbons 19
CHAPTER THREE:
EXPERIMENTAL 22
3.1 Selection of materials 22
CHE/2007/063 8
3.1.1 Selection of activated carbon material 22
3.1.2 Selection of adsorbate 22
3.2 Apparatus used 22
3.3 Reagents used 23
3.4 Modification of the activated carbon 24
3.4.1 Devolatilization of the coconut shell based activated carbon 24
3.4.2 Treatment of the activated carbon with nitric acid 24
3.5 Mass titration 25
3.6 Proximate analysis of the activated carbon material 26
3.6.1 Moisture content 26
3. 6.2 Volatile matter content 26
3.6.3 Ash content 26
3.6.4 Fixed carbon 27
3.7 Adsorption experiment 27
CHAPTER FOUR:
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 28
CHE/2007/063 9
4.1 Mass titration 28
4.2 Proximate analysis 36
4.3 Adsorption isotherms 37
4.4 Surface coverage 45
4.5 Discussion of results 46
4.5.1 Mass titration 46
4.5.2 Proximate analysis 46
4.5.3 Adsorption isotherms and surface coverage 47
CHAPTER FIVE:
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 49
5.1 Conclusion 49
5.2 Recommendations 50
References 51
Appendix A 53
Appendix B 55
Appendix C 60
Modification Of Surface, Physical And Chemical Properties Of Activated Carbons For Water Purification. (n.d.). UniTopics. https://www.unitopics.com/project/material/modification-of-surface-physical-and-chemical-properties-of-activated-carbons-for-water-purification/
“Modification Of Surface, Physical And Chemical Properties Of Activated Carbons For Water Purification.” UniTopics, https://www.unitopics.com/project/material/modification-of-surface-physical-and-chemical-properties-of-activated-carbons-for-water-purification/. Accessed 20 September 2024.
“Modification Of Surface, Physical And Chemical Properties Of Activated Carbons For Water Purification.” UniTopics, Accessed September 20, 2024. https://www.unitopics.com/project/material/modification-of-surface-physical-and-chemical-properties-of-activated-carbons-for-water-purification/
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