The essence of this project work is to look into the causes of highway failure and the different types of failure which are presented along the Eliozu – New Airport road in Obio/Akpor L.G.A in River state, taken as a case study. Some factors identify as being responsible for the failure of the chosen road section includes, poor sub grade soil with questionable material. Ground water study is carried out, which give insight to it effect to the failure of the flexible pavement, lack of drainage facilities, improper pavement design, poor compaction and traffic volume increase and lack of maintenance are critically taken into consideration.
Traffic volume count and soil test analysis and test on asphalt such as extraction-gradation test, are properly carryout, of which it result gives an adequate insight to the various causes of the failure situation experience along the road section through this investigation, show that relative to pavement, base course, wearing course and sub base were to less than the requirement for effective functionality of the said road of case study. From the investigation carryout, useful recommendation are made to improve the design and proper ways of reducing the rate of failure in Nigerian highways.
TITLE PAGE
CERTIFICATION
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURE
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-3
1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF STUDY 3-4
1.2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT STUDY 4-5
1.3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE STUDY
AREA 5-6
1.4 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 6
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 GENERAL 7-15
2.2 ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF SOIL 15
2.2.1 SOIL PROPERTIES AS HIGHWAY MATERIAL 15-17
2.2.2 HIGHWAY SUB-GRADE, SUB-BASE, THEIR
THICKNESS AND SHAPING 17-20
2.2.3 MATERIAL CLASSIFICATION 20
2.2.3.1 AMERICAN ASSOICATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS (AASHTO) SYSTEM 21-22
2.2.3.2 UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
(USES) 22 – 25
2.2.4 CLAY SOILS AND THEIR ENGINEERING
PROPERTIES 26-29
2.2.5 SOIL COMPACTION AND CONSOLIDATION EFFICIENCIES 29-30
2.2.6 SOIL PERMEABILITY AND COMPRESSIBILITY… 30-31
2.2.7 GROUND WATER PENETRATION AND ITS EFFECT ON ROAD BASES 31-32
2.2.8 EFFECT OF VOID IN HIGHWAY PAVEMENT 32
2.3 TYPES OF PAVEMENT DISTRESS32-39
2.4 TRAFFIC SURVEY40-41
2.4.1 INTERPRETATION OF DATA42-43
2.5 TRAFFIC CAPACITY STUDIES43
2.5.1 FACTORS AFFECTING PRACTICAL
CAPACITY43-44+
2.5.2 TRAFFIC FLOW CHARACTERISTIC44
2.5.3 TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY45
2.6 RELATIVE PRACTICAL TERMS46
2.6.1 SITE EXPLORATION AND RECONNAISANCE 46-47
2.6.2 SOURCING OF SAMPLES47-48
2.6.3 MEASUREMENT OF PAVEMENT THICKNESS…48-49
2.6.4 GROUND WATER INSPECTION IN THE
LOCATION49-50
2.6.5 TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY50-51
2.6.6 RAINFALL DATA51-52
2.6.7 SOIL TESTS DATA52
2.6.8 SOIL CLASSIFICATION52-53
2.6.9 THE CALIFORNIAN BEARING RATIO (CBR) TEST METHOD54
2.7 CLASSIFICATION RELATION TERMS55
2.7.1 EFFECTIVE SIZE55
2.7.2 UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENT55
2.7.3 CO-EFFICIENT OF GRADATION55
2.7.4 LIQID LIMIT56
2.7.5 PLASTIC LIMIT56
2.7.6 PLASTICITY INDEX56
2.7.7 LIQUIDITY INDEX57
2.7.8 CONSISTENCY LIMIT57
2.7.9 GROUP INDEX57
2.8 AGING OF BITUMEN58-59
2.9 BITUMINOUS MIXES AND IT DESIGN
PRINCIPLES 60-61
2.9.1 DIAGNOSIS OF UNSATISFACTORY MIXES CASES61-64
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTATION 65
3.1 FIELD COLLECTION OF A SOIL SAMPLE65-66 3.2 COLOUR CLASSIFICATION66
3.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST68-69
3.5 SIEVE ANALYSIS70-71
3.6 ATTERBERG LIMIT TEST72
3.6.1 PLASTIC LIMIT72-73
3.6.2 LIQUID LIMIT74-76
3.7 COMPACTION TEST76
3.7.1 STANDARD PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST76-79
3.7.2 MODIFIED PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST80-82
3.8 CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO (C.B.R) TEST82-85
3.9 DETERMINATION OF WATER TABLE85-86
3.10 MANUAL METHOD OF TRAFFIC COUNT86
3.11 BULL SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF COMPACTD BITUMINOUS MIXTURES TESTS86-87
3.12 EXTRACTION-GRADATION TEST88-89
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS90
4.1 FIELD COLLECTION OF SOIL SAMPLE90
4.2 COLOUR CLASSIFICATION90
4.3 NATURAL MOISTURE CONTENT91
4.4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST91
4.5 SIEVE ANALYSIS92-95
4.6 ATTERBERG LIMIT TEST96
4.7 CLASSIFICATION COMPUTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS96-105
4.8 COMPACTION TEST106
4.8.1 STANDARD PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST106
4.8.2 MODIFIED PROCTOR COMPACTION TEST 107
4.9 DETERMINATION OF GROUND WATER TABLE… 108
4.10 MANUAL TRAFFIC COUNT DATA AND
4.10.1 MEAN DAILY TRAFFIC 116-117
4.11 TESTS FOR BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF COMPACTED BITUMINOUS MIXTURES 122
4.12 EXTRACTION – GRADATION TEST 123-124
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION 125
5.1 CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY 125
5.1.1 SUMMARY 125-127
5.1.2 CONCLUSION 28-131
5.2 RECOMMENDATION 132-134
BIBLIOGRAPHY 135-135
APPENDICES 138-238
Investigation To Ascertain The Causes Of Failure And Present Traffic Capacity Of Highways. (n.d.). UniTopics. https://www.unitopics.com/project/material/investigation-to-ascertain-the-causes-of-failure-and-present-traffic-capacity-of-highways/
“Investigation To Ascertain The Causes Of Failure And Present Traffic Capacity Of Highways.” UniTopics, https://www.unitopics.com/project/material/investigation-to-ascertain-the-causes-of-failure-and-present-traffic-capacity-of-highways/. Accessed 10 November 2024.
“Investigation To Ascertain The Causes Of Failure And Present Traffic Capacity Of Highways.” UniTopics, Accessed November 10, 2024. https://www.unitopics.com/project/material/investigation-to-ascertain-the-causes-of-failure-and-present-traffic-capacity-of-highways/
Here’s a typical structure for Investigation To Ascertain The Causes Of Failure And Present Traffic Capacity Of Highways research projects:
- The title page of Investigation To Ascertain The Causes Of Failure And Present Traffic Capacity Of Highways should include the project title, your name, institution, and date.
- The abstract of Investigation To Ascertain The Causes Of Failure And Present Traffic Capacity Of Highways should be a summary of around 150-250 words and should highlight the main objectives, methods, results, and conclusions.
- The introduction of Investigation To Ascertain The Causes Of Failure And Present Traffic Capacity Of Highways should provide the background information, outline the research problem, and state the objectives and significance of the study.
- Review existing research related to Investigation To Ascertain The Causes Of Failure And Present Traffic Capacity Of Highways, identifying gaps the study aims to fill.
- The methodology section of Investigation To Ascertain The Causes Of Failure And Present Traffic Capacity Of Highways should describe the research design, data collection methods, and analytical techniques used.
- Present the findings of the Investigation To Ascertain The Causes Of Failure And Present Traffic Capacity Of Highways research study using tables, charts, and graphs to illustrate key points.
- Interpret Investigation To Ascertain The Causes Of Failure And Present Traffic Capacity Of Highways results, discussing their implications, limitations, and potential areas for future research.
- Summarize the main findings of the Investigation To Ascertain The Causes Of Failure And Present Traffic Capacity Of Highways study and restate its significance.
- List all the sources you cited in Investigation To Ascertain The Causes Of Failure And Present Traffic Capacity Of Highways project, following a specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).