Effect Of Waste Asphaltic Concrete As Additive On Some Selected Properties Of Lateristic Soil

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects waste asphaltic on properties of asphalt concrete. Laterite is one of the major materials used in highway pavement construction. Its properties are affected by some environmental factors which may make it unsuitable for highway pavement construction.

Laterite soil sample was collected from a burrow pit and it was overdried for about 24hours and the text was carried out.

The result showed that the waste asphaltic concrete has strong influence on the engineering properties of the laterite soil when compared with the control soil sample.

The influence caused reduction in the strength of the soil and there by rending it Unsuitable for Civil Engineering construction.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Asphalt concrete is a composite material commonly used to surface roads, parking lots, airports, and the core of embankment dams.^[Polaczyk, Pawel, 2019^] Asphalt mixtures have been used in pavement construction since the beginning of the twentieth century. It consists of mineral aggregate bound together with asphalt, laid in layers, and compacted.

The terms asphalt (or asphaltic) concrete, bituminous asphalt concrete, and bituminous mixture are typically used only in engineering and construction documents, which define concrete as any composite material composed of mineral aggregate adhered with a binder. The abbreviation, AC, is sometimes used for asphalt concrete but can also denote asphalt content or asphalt cement, referring to the liquid asphalt portion of the composite material according to Reid, Carlton (2015).

During the production of asphaltic concrete waste are also generated. A million tons of waste are generated each day around the world.

The world’s population is increasing, depleting natural resources. Over recent decades, the retrieval of materials and energy from waste materials has received attention, with the aim of finding a sustainable solution to reduce the exploitation of natural resources and reduce landfill usage, [Cremiato, R, 2018]. Sustainability is a thriving field in this millennium [Kuhlman, T, 2010]. The world is in needs to conserve its resources and determine innovative ways to determine the effect of waste asphaltic concrete to stabilize laterite soil [Aziz, M.M.A, 2015].

1.2      LATERITIC SOIL

Laterite is well known in Asian countries as a building material for more than 1000 years. It was excavated from the soil and cut in form of large blocks; temples at Angkor are famous, examples for this early use.

Laterite is one of the most valuable materials for building. It is diffused in immense masses, without any appearance of stratification and is placed over the granite that forms the basis of Malayala. It is full of cavities and pores, and contains a very large quantity of iron in the form of yellow and red ochres. In the mass while excluded from the air, it is so soft, that any iron instrument readily cuts it, and is dug up in square masses with a pick-axe, and immediately cut into the shape wanted with a trowel, or large knife. It very soon after becomes as hard as brick and resists the air and water much better than any brick (Werner Schellmann, 1991).

The engineering behaviour of laterite material from trial pits is influenced by some factors which includes origin degree of weathering, mineral composition, environmental condition e.t.c. (Umebulues, 2001).

The result of these properties helps a lot and will serve as a guide in prospective works. This will also provide engineers with quick method of checking which material is best fit on the alternative for road construction (Clarke, 2007).

The importance of laterite as building material has already been mentioned. More relevant as their local use for the construction of simple houses in their application as a road building material. The suitability of lateritic materials above all of lateritic gravel is tested by several methods of engineering geology.

1.3      STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Misunderstanding soils and their properties can lead to construction errors. The suitability of a soil for a particular use should be determined based on it engineering characteristics and not on usual inspection or apparent similarity to other soil.

Some particles of laterite tend to crush easily under impart disintegrating into a soil may be self hardening when exposed to waste from asphaltic concrete or if they are not self hardening, they may contain appreciable amounts of hardened lateritic rock or gravel.

1.4      AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim and objectives of this project include:

1. To determine how suitable and durable the available laterite material is for road construction.
2. To carry out some geotechnical tests required for the strength evaluation of laterite material in order to determine its constructional suitability in road construction.
3. To determine the strength of laterite and its durability when exposed to waste asphaltic concrete.
4. To determine whether these laterite materials meet the American Standard Test Method (ASTM) specification for road construction when mixed with the waste asphaltic concrete.
5. To draw conclusion and recommendation from the evaluation as a standard for Engineers and Construction Industries.

1.5      JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY

Due to the fact that laterite is a paramount material in the construction of road, it has to be investigated to determine its suitability for the construction of our roads.

1.6      SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The knowledge of the use of laterite for road construction is increasingly going far and wide over the years.

For the purpose of this research, laboratory test will be carried out on each samples of soil, the laboratory test are particle size distribution test. Atterberg’s limit test, compaction test, Natural Moisture Content and Califonia Bearing Ratio (CBR) test.

1.7                                                         PROJECT ORGANIZATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.