Design And Installation Of Hybrid Power System

ABSTRACT

Renewable energy sources i.e.,energy generated from solar, wind, biomass, hydro power, geothermal and ocean resources are considered as a technological option for generating clean energy. But the energy generated from solar and wind is much less than the production by fossil fuels, however, electricity generation by utilizing PV cells and wind turbine increased rapidly in recent years. This paper presents the Solar-Wind hybrid Power system that harnesses the renewable energies in Sun and Wind to generate electricity. System control relies mainly on micro controller. It ensures the optimum utilization of resources and hence improve the efficiency as compared with their individual mode of generation. Also it increases the reliability and reduces the dependence on one single source. This hybrid solar-wind power generating system is suitable for industries and also domestic areas.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• DIFFERENT TYPES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY
• OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
• DEFINITION OF HYBRID POWER SYSTEM

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM DESIGN

• DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM BUILDING BLOCK
• SYSTEM BLOCK DESCRIPTION
• IMPLEMENTATION OF HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM
• SYSTEM COMPONENTS
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• SYSTEM INSTALLATION

CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.1                                                        INTRODUCTION

We all know that the world is facing a major threat of fast depletion of the fossil fuel reserves. Most of the present energy demand is met by fossil and nuclear power plants. A small part is met by renewable energy technologies such as the wind, solar, biomass, geothermal etc. There will soon be a time when we will face a severe fuel shortage. As per the law of conservation of energy, “Energy can neither be created, nor be destroyed, but it can only be converted from one form to another”. Most of the research now is about how to conserve the energy and how to utilize the energy in a better way. Research has also been into the development of reliable and robust systems to harness energy from nonconventional energy resources. Among them, the wind and solar power sources have experienced a remarkably rapid growth in the past 10 years. Both are pollution free sources of abundant power.

Wind energy is the kinetic energy associated with the movement of atmospheric air. It has been used for hundreds of years for sailing, grinding grain and for irrigation. Wind energy systems convert this kinetic energy to more useful forms of power. Wind energy systems for irrigation and milling have been in use since ancient times and at the beginning of the 20th century it is being used to generate electric power. Windmills for water pumping have been installed in many countries particularly in the rural areas. Wind turbines transform the energy in the wind into mechanical power, which can then be used directly for grinding etc. or further converting to electric power to generate electricity. Wind turbines can be used singly or in clusters called ’wind farms.

There is a growing awareness that renewable energy such as photovoltaic system and Wind power have an important role to play in order to save the situation. Hybrid power system consist of a combination of renewable energy source such as wind generators, solar etc of charge batteries and provide power to meet the energy demand, considering the local geography and other details of the place of installation. These types of systems are not connected to the main utility grid. They are also used in stand-alone applications and operate independently and reliably. The best application for these type of systems are in remote places, such as rural villages, in telecommunications etc. The importance of hybrid systems has grown as they appear to be the right solution for a clean and distributed energy production.[1]

This paper presents the Solar-Wind hybrid Power system that harnesses the renewable energies in Sun and Wind to generate and supply electricity to a private house, farm house, a small company, an educational institution or an apartment house depending on the need at the site where used.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

Solar-Wind hybrid Power system is the combined power generating system by wind mill and solar energy panel. It also includes a battery which is used to store the energy generated from both the sources. Using this system power generation by windmill when wind source is available and generation from PV module when light radiation is available can be achieved. Both units can be generated power when both sources are available. By providing the battery uninterrupted power supply is possible when both sources are idle.

In this project generation of energy by using domestic Solar panels and domestic wind mill arrangement is made. During day time power is generated from the solar panel and during night and rainy season the power is generated from the windmill arrangement. The battery is used to store the generating energy and gives required timings.

The technical studies of the hybrid system, carried out in the establishment phase, which could not be addressed in the introduction part, and the general and technical characteristics of the system are presented. Firstly, the choice of the system location was made. Preliminary studies and measurements of the intensity of wind flow and solar irradiation were carried out because there are many wooded and residential areas in the campus. Thus, the most suitable place was identified to set up the designed clean energy home.

1.3                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of the work is provide a renewable energies from Sun and Wind to generate and supply electricity to a private house, farm house, a small company, an educational institution or an apartment house depending on the need at the site where used.

1.4                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1. Cost is high
2. Solar power is not available during night time
3. Used for lighting purpose only
4. If used for power loads initial cost is very high.

1.5                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1. Power generation is double
2. Reduce the power demand
3. Easy to implement
4. Used in many areas
5. Uninterrupted power supply

1.6                                            PROBLEMS OF THE PROJECT

Though a hybrid system has a bundle of advantages, there are some issues and problems related to hybrid systems have to be addressed:

1. Most of hybrid systems require storage devices which batteries are mostly used. These batteries require continues monitoring and increase the cost, as the batteries life is limited to a few years. It is reported that the battery lifetime should increase to around years for the economic use in hybrid systems.
2. Due to dependence of renewable sources involved in the hybrid system on weather results in the load sharing between the different sources employed for power generation, the optimum power dispatch, and the determination of cost per unit generation are not easy.
3. The reliability of power can be ensured by incorporating weather independent sources
4. The stability issue. As the power generation from different sources of a hybrid system is comparable, a sudden change in the output power from any of the sources or a sudden change in the load can affect the system stability significantly.
5. Individual sources of the hybrid systems have to be operated at a point that gives the most efficient generation. In fact, this may not be occur due to that the load sharing is often not linked to the capacity or ratings of the sources. Several factors decide load sharing like reliability of the source, economy of use, switching require between the sources, availability of Sun or wind etc. Therefore, it is desired to evaluate the schemes to increase the efficiency to as high level as possible.

1.7                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device can be used in the following places such as:

1. Applicable in high wind flow areas
2. Applicable in high sun light
3. Applicable in home, all buildings, waste lands, ,