Design And Installation Of An Intercom Using PABX System

ABSTRACT

Electronic inter communication is the process of exchanging information between individuals over relatively long distance by the use of electronic system connected together by communication cables or the instrument cable or satellite links. A telephone system and an intercom system can be used to achieve intercommunication.

The intercom system only makes use of the physical communication cables interlinking the handsets concerned. Also, the telephone system requires PABX system (Private Automatic Box Exchange) for effective communication between the concerned telephone sets. The PABX is a high capacity telephone switching equipment that automatically connects a call to the desired route or extension number. It equally handles both external call and internal call. The telephone set or system is more appropriate for a whole educational complex or company. It is not appropriate to use the telephone for the connectivity of few offices as this under-utilizes the capacity of the PABX since they are designed to handle high capacity of lines. The aim of this work is to design and install an intercom using PABX system.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• RESEARCH QUESTION
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• TERMS AND DEFINITION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• INTRODUCTION
• REVIEW OF PABX-PRIVATE AUTOMATIC BRAND EXCHANGE
• REVIEW OF TELECOMMUNICATION
• REVIEW OF TELEPHONE
• REVIEW OF INTERCOM

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• DESIGN ANALYSIS
• BLOCK DIAGRAM
• INSTALLATION MATERIAL
• SYSTEM FLOW CHART
• SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
• WORKING PRINCIPLE

CHAPTER FOUR

• INSTALLATION RESULT
• INTERFACE OPERATION
• TESTING AND RESULT
• BILL OF MATERIAL

CHAPTER FIVE

• SUMMARY
• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCE

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

An intercom is a stand-alone voice communications system for use within a building or small collection of buildings, functioning independently of the public telephone network. Intercoms are generally mounted permanently in buildings and vehicles. Intercoms can incorporate connections to public address loudspeaker systems, walkie talkies, telephones, and to other intercom systems. Some intercom systems incorporate control of devices such as signal lights and door latches.

In private automatic branch exchange (PABX) which is an automatic telephone in which the switching system is within a private enterprise. Originally, such systems – called private branch exchanges (PBX) – required the use of a live operator. Since almost all private branch exchanges today are automatic, the abbreviation “PBX” usually implies a “PABX.”

Many organization use Private Automatic Branch Exchange (EPABX) for telephony communication with internal employees and with the outside word. This system works like a mini telephony exchange. If we have two telephone lines it can be used by eight lines and calling can be done from these eight numbers at the same time by having only two telephone line or number. But EPABX system uses a lot of maintenance work as well as requires extra hardware and wiring for the new user extension. Also EPABX in less secured and is less flexible. To overcome, traditional EPABX is replaced by voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP).

The term VoIP stands for vocalization web Protocol. VoIP originated in middle 90’s, once hobbyists began to note the potential of effort voice data packets over the online instead of communication through normal communication systems. The concept is to use the online as a communication network with some extra capabilities. VoIP converts the voice signal from a phone into a digital signal, sends it through the online, and so converts it back at the other finish.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

Before the invention of intercom system, messages within and outside the organization is been carried out by an organization messenger, and this causes labour, time wasting, cost of paying the messenger and sometimes inaccurate message delivery by the messenger. But the invention of a Private Automatic Branch Exchange (EPABX) brought an end to these challenges.

1.3                                               OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

At the end of this work, the student involved shall be able to under:

1. The meaning of intercom
2. The meaning and working principle of a Private Automatic Branch Exchange (EPABX)

• The installation principle and procedure of the study

1.4                                                   RESEARCH QUESTION

1. What is intercom used for?
2. What is the primary function of a private automatic branch exchange (PABX)?

• What is a PBX phone system used for?

1. What is difference between PBX and PABX?
2. What is a PBX phone system used for?
3. How does a PABX system work?

1.5                                                   SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Private automatic branch exchange (PABX) is a technology used by call centers and other large organizations that allows a single access number to provide several lines to outside callers while providing a range of external lines to internal callers or staff.

A private automatic branch exchange (PABX) is an automatic telephone switching system within a private enterprise. Originally, such systems – called private branch exchanges (PBX) – required the use of a live operator. PABX systems will often have a lot of internal lines connecting to one main switchboard.

In PABX, the exchange is owned and managed by the private organization in which it is installed and relies on computer equipment to handle the switching of calls. This is why the system is considered both private and automatic.

With PABX, an operator is only required to supply information and to occasionally manual connections for callers who are unfamiliar with system or the organization

1.6                                           JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

A modern EPBX from the equipment point of view is much simpler, portable and flexible than the older electromechanical systems. Most of its sophistication is built inside the chips that actually carry outside the work. The switching matrix tends to be quite small, and new opportunities are available for convenient design of user terminals. This features made it more preferable than the other telecom system.

1.7                                             LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1. This system needs electric power to operate.
2. It has a low installation and configuration.

• The charges for short and long distance call are not the same – there is an increase in long distance charges.

1. Low mobile workforce

1.8                                                TERMS AND DEFINITION

• Master Station or Base Station – These are units that can control the system, i.e., initiate a call with any of the stations and make announcements over the whole system.
• Sub-station – Units that are capable of only initiating a call with a Master Station but not capable of initiating calls with any other stations (sometimes called slave units).
• Door Station – Like sub-stations, these units are only capable of initiating a call to a Master Station. They are typically weather-proof.
• Intercom Station – Full-featured remote unit that is capable of initiating and receiving party-line conversation, individual conversation and signalling. May be rack-mounted, wall-mounted or portable.
• Wall Mount Station – fixed-position intercom station with built-in loudspeaker. May have flush-mounted microphone, hand-held push to talk microphone or telephone-style handset.
• Belt Pack – portable intercom station worn on the belt such as an interruptible feedback (IFB) with an earpiece worn by talent.
• Handset – permanent or portable telephone-style connection to an intercom station. Holds both an earpiece and a push to talk
• Headset – portable intercom connection from a belt pack to one or both ears via headphones with integrated microphone on a boom arm. Connects to a belt pack.
• Paging Signal – An audible and/or visual alert at an intercom station, indicating that someone at another station wants to initiate a conversation.
• Power Supply – Used to feed power to all units. Often incorporated into the design of the base station.
• Telephonic – Intercom systems that utilize a transmitter (talk) and receiver (listen) to communicate, similar to standard telephone systems.
• Amplified – Intercom systems that utilize a single speaker to transmit and receive communications.
• Amplifier – An intercom systems main or central component that is responsible for switching or connecting communication paths between master and substations in addition to distributing or switching power to auxiliary connected devices i.e. door strikes to allow entry.