Design And Implementation Of An Automatic Fire Detection And Alarm System Using Voice Prompt

ABSTRACT

This work is on “automatic fire detection and alarm system using voice prompt”. Fire accident as an unplanned and undesirable event that can cause by many factors which can brings damages to social wealth and human life needs to be prevented at all cost. This paper provides a novel solution to a self- controlled smart voice warning and fire sprinkler system, which can be assembled with multiple sensors, actuators and operated by micro-controller unit (MCU). This automatic solution will respond in time, when fire is detected and will save many lives by sprinkling the water on the fire. Every systems are automated in order to face new in the present days. Fire accidents can take place more in areas like houses, industries, Movie theaters, shopping malls, hospitals, etc., which will lead to more loss in life along with properties. Having the right sprinkler system in a building is necessary. Just as there are many types of buildings in varying conditions, there are also different fire sprinkler system types. If we don’t have an adequate and proper system, our building will not have the protection it needs. Because of the speed and totality of its destructive forces, fire constitutes one of the more serious threats. That’s why the automated systems are used, which have less manual operation so that the flexibility, reliabilities are high and accurate.

Fire protection experts generally do prefer the automated sprinkler system. Here the automatic sprinkler system represents the single, most significant aspect of a fire management program. Properly designed, installed, and maintained systems can reduce the deficiencies in risk management, building construction, and emergency response. They may also enhance the flexibility of building design and use by increasing the overall safety.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT MOTIVATION
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• INTRODUCTION
• REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• REVIEW OF TYPES OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
• REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM DESIGN
• REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM PARTS
• REVIEW OF FIRE ALARM INITIATING DEVICES
• FIRE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES
• OVERVIEW OF FIRE SPRINKLERS

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
• SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      RESULT AND DISCUSSION

• RESULT
• DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Nowadays, it is impossible to imagine house or building without a fire accident detector. Modern houses require a continuous installation of fire detector. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take the case of a duplex that experience a fire accident without a detector that means everything in that building will get burnt even human beings. But in a case whereby fire alarm is installed that means everyone in that building will be alerted and also fire security bodies will also be informed for quick security action. The same thing can also happen to our offices and industries. In order to notify residence of any building in the presence of fire accident, a fire alarm system is used.

An automatic fire detecting and alarm system discussed here is described as a device working together to detect and warn people through voice and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke detectors, heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations. Alarms can be either motorized bells or wall mountable sounders or horns [L. Zhang and G. Wang, 2009]. They can also be speaker strobes which sound an alarm, followed by a voice evacuation message which warns people inside the building not to use the elevators. Fire and smoke that spread within a building can be affected by various factors such as the geometry, dimension, layout and usage of the building. In order to prevent fire accident in a building, it is critical to detect fire at its early stage and extinguish it (O.H. Kwon, S.M. Cho, and S.M. Hwang, 2008).

The main aim of this work is to build a voice prompts fire detector and extinguisher system which are considered better alternatives to traditional audible alarms because a voice is less likely to instill panic, and the voice feature can be used to give specific instructions for specific situations.

They not only let everyone know when an emergency arises but they also inform the people of certain measures to take to avoid confusion and thereafter saving them valuable time necessary for protection of life and properties.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

Detecting fire and extinguishing is a hazardous job for a fire extinguisher, it often risks the life of that person. This project aims in giving a technical solution to the mentioned problem. A device is an electro-mechanical device that is capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically, especially one programmable by a computer. The device has a fire extinguishing unit added on to it and voice prompting system that tells the user security situation and action needed to be taken. This device is controlled using a smoke sensor, the smoke sensor detects the fire and gives the further signal to the extinguisher units to trigger the pump and spray the water.

1.3                                AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to construct a device that will detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion with voice prompt system and water sprinkler. The objectives of the work are:

1. To build this device at lower cost
2. To ensure security of our environment

• To design a fire detection system at lower cost

1. To design an alarm system using voice prompt that can be programmed to give voice alerts in diverse languages according to where it is being installed around the world.
2. To limit the spread of fire through the means of a water sprinkler system incase of a fire outbreak.
   • ADVANTAGE OF THE PROJECT
3. The primary advantage of a home fire alarm system is increased reliability and the ability to place alarms and bells exactly where needed. However, the reason most people have them is that they wanted a burglar alarm system and the cost of adding fire alarm features to a residential burglary system is relatively small.
4. It is highly sensitive

• Low cost and reliable circuit

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This research work will throw more light on the best techniques for controlling and alerting user against fire accident. This study will also be designed to be of immense benefit to all countries because of the diverse language of the audio prompt system.

It will also serve as a guide to whoever that wants to purchase fire alarm.

Finally, it will also serve as a useful piece of information for both producers and users of fire alarm

1.6                                              SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This work is on a microcontroller Based intelligent Fire detection, it uses LM35 Temperature Sensor and MQ2 for Smoke sensing and 16×2 LCD is used to display temperature and Smoke Level, Over limit set points are set inside the program you can modify it as per your requirements. The microcontroller can be program to give voice warning in different languages. A relay is connected to the system and this relay is activated when the smoke is detected. This relay switches on the water sprinkler and voice prompt system.

1.7                                      APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

This device can be used in places like:

1. Home / Office
2. Banks
3. Factories
4. Store Rooms
5. houses,
6. industries,
7. Movie theaters

1.8                                               PROJECT MOTIVATION

An involvement in a project like this for the first time encouraged us at making something simple and beneficial for everyone. We wanted to create something that could help us all in our day to day lives and that would be of immense use all countries with different languages. So, we thought of all the ways in which we could develop something of greater good for all general people. And as fire has been causing huge damages to life and property many times in our country, we developed the idea of creating this project. It will be of great use in each and every household, as well as industries, factories and every fire-prone areas. Thus, the idea of creating something that could save lives, property and help all people, motivated us in dedicating ourselves to this project.

1.9                                             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.10                                   PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.