Design And Implementation Of A Smart Dustbin

ABSTRACT

With increase in population we have an increase in the garbage around urban areas. Here we propose a smart dustbin that operates automatically to help solve this issue using IOT and sensor based circuitry. Usual dustbins require to be opened by pressing foot against its lever and then throwing garbage. Also a person needs to keep track when it is full so that it can be emptied and does not overflow. Here we propose a smart dustbin that does all this by itself. Our system consists of a sensor in order to detect human clap signal and on a clap of foot tap it opens automatically without anyone needing to press its lever. The dustbin opens automatically when it receives the signal and closes its hatch. Also the dustbin consists of a level sensing ultrasonic sensor that constantly measures the level of garbage in the bin and automatically detects if it is about to fill up. The dustbin now consists of a smart circuitry that transmits this information over the web to signal the main garbage collector of the facility to empty the particular garbage bin. We use IOTgecko to develop the online web part for the iot system.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT MOTIVATION
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT OUTCOME
• SIGNIFICANCE OF PROJECT
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• INTRODUCTION
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
• NEED FOR IMPROVEMENT IN WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• FEATURES OF SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• ADVANNTAGES OF SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• SYSTEM DESIGN
• REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION
• DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS USED
• IMPLEMENTATION
• PROGRAM CODE

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULTS

4.1      CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS

4.2      ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.3      TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION AND RESULTS

4.4      LIST OF THE EQUIPMENTS WITH SPECIFICATIONS AND ITS COST

4.5                         IMAGES OF MODEL

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                         INTRODUCTION

1.1                                          BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Waste management is all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal [1]. This includes collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation. Waste collection methods vary widely among different countries and regions. Domestic waste collection services are often provided by local government authorities.

Curbside collection is the most common method of disposal in most countries, in which waste is collected at regular intervals by specialised trucks. Waste collected is then transported to an appropriate disposal area.

Nowdays, cities with developing economies experience exhausted waste collection services, inadequately managed and uncontrolled dumpsites and the problems are worsening [2]. Waste collection method in such countries is an on-going challenge and many struggle due to weak institutions and rapid urbanization.

Waste management has been a crucial issue to be considered. This paper is a way to achieve this good cause. In this paper, smart bin is built on a microcontroller based platform Arduino Uno board which is interfaced with GSM modem and Ultrasonic sensor. Ultrasonic sensor is placed at the top of the dustbin which will measure the stature of the dustbin. The threshold stature is set as 10cm. Arduino will be programmed in such a way that when the dustbin is being filled, the remaining height from the threshold height will be displayed. Once the garbage reaches the threshold level ultrasonic sensor will trigger the GSM modem which will continuously alert the required authority until the garbage in the dustbin is squashed. Once the dustbin is squashed, people can reuse the dustbin. At regular intervals dustbin will be squashed. Once these smart bins are implemented on a large scale, by replacing our traditional bins present today, waste can be managed efficiently as it avoids unnecessary lumping of wastes on roadside. Foul smell from these rotten wastes that remain untreated for a long time, due to negligence of authorities and carelessness of public may lead to long term problems.[1] Breeding of insects and mosquitoes can create nuisance around promoting unclean environment. This may even cause dreadful diseases. The aim of this work is to build a device that will solve problem automatically.

1.2                                                   PROBLEM STATEMENT

There are millions of public dustbin out there that people use and are emptied in a few days by the public authorities. Now the problem is not all dustbins are filled at the same rate and the dump vehicle waste time checking each and every dustbin. This leads to more fuel usage, labour and cost. The solution is a smart dustbin.

Smart dustbin can solve this issue by tracking the amount of garbage inside the bins and thus can be easily geotagged and the dump vehicle can plan its path around the city in a more optimized way to save time and fuel cost. The dump vehicle can decide which smart dustbins to clear first and whom to clear next time.

1.3                                    AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to build a touch free dustbin so, when any person reaches near to it, the lid of it will open automatically so there is no need to open that dirty lid by your hands.  This project also includes a Green LED to indicate that the dustbin is Empty and a Red LED to indicate the Full condition.  As soon as the garbage inside the dustbin reaches as the approx. level of 90% a Buzzer  will turn ON for few seconds to tell the user not to use this dustbin and Red LED will be turned on until it’s Empty again. The objectives are:

1. To analyze the problem of garbage disposal at a school, restaurant, office, hotel, production plant or any other suitable location
2. To design and develop a system for solving the problem.

• To test and maintain the implemented system.

1. To build a robot that is cost effective, superior to handle tasking conveniently, control capability, and operate environmentally friendly

1.4                                                   PROJECT MOTIVATION

With increase of population, the scenario of cleanliness with respect to garbage management is degrading tremendously. In city there are many public places where we see that garbage bins or dustbins are placed but are overflowing. This creates unhygienic condition in the nearby surrounding. Also creates ugliness and some serious diseases, at the same time bad smell is also spread and it also degrades the valuation of that area.  To avoid such situation we come up with a project called “Smart Dustbin” which is a GSM based Garbage and waste collection bins overflow indicator system for Smart Cities

1.5                                          APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

The invention as described in the drawing finds applications in Home, school, Offices, Industries, Factories, Hospitals and Public places

1.6                                                  SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Smart dustbins is a new idea of implementation which makes a normal dustbin smart using Infrared Sensors for garbage level detection and sending message to respective municipal authorities updating the status of the bin using GSM modem.  Even this is a touch free dustbin so, when any person reaches near to it, the lid of it will open automatically so there is no need to open that dirty lid by your hands.  This project also include a Green LED to indicate that the dustbin is Empty and a Red LED to indicate the Full condition.  As soon as the garbage inside the dustbin reaches as the approx. level of 90% a Buzzer  will turn ON for few seconds to tell the user not to use this dustbin and Red LED will be turned on until it’s Empty again.  Till the dustbin is empty again, the lid will not open so that no one can through garbage into it and create mess.

1.7                                                      PROJECT OUTCOME

This project will send an SMS to respective municipal authorities which contains the details about the over-flown dustbin.  Lid of dustbin will be opened when any person reaches near to it.

1.8                                          SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This device creates unhygienic condition in the nearby surrounding. Also creates ugliness and some serious diseases, at the same time bad smell is also spread and it also degrades the valuation of that area.

1.9                                             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.10                                     PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work,   chapter two presents the literature review of the study,  chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.