Design And Fabrication Of An Automatic Mechanical Sieve (Sand Filter & Separator)

ABSTRACT

Construction of buildings requires sand as an important ingredient Sand is used at different stages in construction right from the foundation to the finishing work i.e. plaster. This sand is needs to be screened properly for various stages in construction, i.e. size of sand for construction work is slightly coarse whereas that used for plaster work is fine. Conventionally screening is normally done manually using fixed screens or machines. This manual process time consuming and laborious takes a lot of time and cost. It is also observed that the conventional machine prove of no or little help as the sand needs to be manually transported and material handling takes place twice to get different sizes of sand.

These processes are carried out manually. Sieving of sand is carried out using rectangular mesh which is inclined at certain angle. This causes a relative motion between the particles and the sieve. Depending on their size the individual particles either pass through the sieve mesh or retained on the sieve surface. There are different machines that are being used for sand sieving processes. In our project the process will takes place automatically. Thus the time consumed during the whole process of preparing the concrete is reduced.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1.2      PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.3      AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

1.4      SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1.5      ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

1.6      APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

1.7      BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      REVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.2      REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

2.3      REVIEW OF SIEVE ANALYSIS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     METHODOLOGY

3.1      DESIGN FLOW CHART

3.2     MATERIAL SELECTION

3.3      CONSTRUCTION FOR THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS CAST

3.4      DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

3.5      WORKING PRINCIPLE

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1      TOOLS AND INSTRUMENTS

4.2      COMPONENT

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0      SCOPE FOR FUTURE WORK

5.1      CONCLUSION

5.2      REFERENCES

CHAPTER TWO

1.0                                                      INTRODUCTION

1.1                                        BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Generally while preparing the concrete for construction purpose, the process of sieving are carried out manually. Sieving of sand is carried out using rectangular mesh which is inclined at certain angle. In the present sand sieving method, the sample is subjected to horizontal movement in accordance with the chosen method. This causes a relative motion between the particles and the sieve. Depending on their size the individual particles either pass through the sieve mesh or retained on the sieve surface. There are different machines that are being used for sand Sieving, but we demonstrate the design & fabrication of automatically driven sand sieving machine which have low cost and simple in operation.

This project focuses in design, fabrication of the mechanical part of machine and the system of the sieve machine. To achieve this project objective, this sieve machine body structure and mechanical system needs to concern some other criteria such as strength, safety and ergonomic design. This project flow must start from design, analysis, and lastly fabrication process. Before develop the sieve machine, it must compare with other product in market. It is because to study the customer need and to create a new design with new feature

1.2                                 PROBLEM STATEMENT

The problem of size of sand in the market available need to spend more money if we want the sand in specific size or category it will increase the budget and time to wait the supplier preparing the goods. Now days people always prefer the most suitable way to cut their cost and time. Example is in a construction where they have to finish the work before the due date and this might be problems. However, sometime in big company there are high tech machine that can do this work sieving any sub stand or mixture. But sometime in construction required a special sieve machine that are comfortable and easy o use.

Traditional method give low efficiency as it is operated manually but the automated sand sieving machine has higher efficiency. Traditional method requires more labour. Traditional method is more time consumed during the process of preparing the concrete. The cost of highly sophisticated machine is very high which is not affordable for small scale foundries and low level contractors. Modern machineries require high skill to operate.

1.3                                 AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main aim of this study is to fabricate a fully automated sand filtering and separator system that automatically filters sand poured on it. The objectives of the study are:

1. To fabricate the machine at low cost
2. To reduce human labour

• To increase productivity

1. To make sieving of particles easy

1.4                                             SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of this work covers the building of the machine which uses electric motor and shaft. The shaft is connected to a filter frame with mesh below and enclosing frame on the sides. We now have a rod connected from the shaft to the filter frame in a way such as to achieve the best horizontal motion. Also we have a frame to hold the filter frame in place while ensuring proper horizontal motion at the same time. On switching on the motor using our motor controller circuit, the system allows to operate the motor. This allows us to operate the sand filter motion for appropriate sand filtering needs.

1.5                            ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

• Automatic Filtering
• Fast Filtering
• Easy To Dispose off Unneeded Objects

1.5                              APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

• It can be utilized for separation of mass produced different types of nuts in a single turn and also other solid mixtures with different sizes of mesh
• Different types of nuts can be separated which depends on mesh size
• It can be used for paddy separation with the involvement of fan at the base of
• Now days, separation of different sizes of solid material is need of hours, this project can be used for separation of different sizes of solid only by changing mesh of required
• Substance industry: resin, pigment, industrial medicine, cosmetic,
• Foodstuff industry: sugar powder, starch, salt, rice noodles, milk powder, soybean milk, egg powder, sauce,

1.6                                    BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT

Determining the particle-size distribution of a soil helps the engineer, geologist, or an agriculturist to understand many soil properties such as how much water, heat, and nutrients the soil could hold, how fast water and heat will move through the soil, and what kind of structure, bulk density and consistence the soil will have. Particle size distribution of soils affects soil credibility and soil compaction since soils with uneven particle size distribution are expected to pack more closely than those with uniform distribution. Particle size distribution of soils is normally determined by wet sieving or dry sieving. While wet sieving is used to determine the proportion of stable aggregates resistant to water disruption during rainfall, dry sieving is utilized mainly to relate particle sizes to soil erosion by wind.

Determining particle size distribution of a soil by hand is a very tedious process, hence, the use of mechanical shakers which makes the process a much simpler one.