Design And Construction Of Housebell With Sensor And Indicating Light

ABSTRACT

House bell with sensor and indicating light detects movement of visitors close the door, and then rings a bell. The movement detection feature is controlled by the ultrasonic sensor – motion detector. A motion detector is often integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an area via bell or indicating light. Motion detectors form a vital component of automated lighting control. Many people place motion detectors in their backyards or even in their houses so that when they walk through that area, the lights will automatically turn on.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

A house bell is a signaling device typically placed near an entry door to a building. When a visitor presses a button the bell rings inside the building, alerting the occupant to the presence of the visitor. Modern house bells are electric — they are actuated by an electric switch.

An electrical bell can be defined as device which can be use to alert signal for indicating of problem in alarm signals.

The device is classified according to were types, mode of operation and the application there are numerous types of alarming signals but for the purpose of this project an electric bell with sensor and light indicator is considered. The sensor used in this work is ultrasonic motion sensor. This ultrasonic sensor is described as below.

• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Motion sensor is the one of the major components used in this work. The first motion detector was invented in the early 1950s by Samuel Bango, and which was a burglar alarm. He applied the fundamentals of radar to ultrasonic waves – a frequency to detect fire or thief and that which human beings cannot hear. Samuel motion detector is based on the principle of Doppler Effect. Nowadays, most of the motion detectors work on the principle of Samuel Bango’s detector. IR sensors and microwave sensors can detect motion by the alterations in the frequencies they emit.

Motion detectors are used as security systems in banks, offices and shopping malls, and also as intruder alarm in home. The prevailing motion detectors can stop serious accidents by sensing the persons who are in close proximity to the detector. We can observe motion detectors in shopping malls or stores with automatic doors. The main element in the motion detector circuit is the dual infrared reflective sensor or any other detecting sensor.

An electronic motion detector contains an optical, microwave, or acoustic sensor, and in many cases a transmitter for illumination. However, a passive sensor only senses a signal emitted by the moving object itself. Changes in the optical, microwave, or acoustic field in the device’s proximity are interpreted by the electronics based on one of the technologies listed below. Most inexpensive motion detectors can detect up to distances of at least 15 feet (5 meters). Specialized systems are more expensive but have much longer ranges. Tomographic motion detection systems can cover much larger areas because the radio waves are at frequencies which penetrate most walls and obstructions, and are detected in multiple locations, not just at the location of the transmitter.

Motion detectors have found wide use in domestic and commercial applications. One common application is activation of automatic door openers in businesses and public buildings. Motion sensors are also widely used in lieu of a true occupancy sensor in activating street lights or indoor lights in walkways (such as lobbies and staircases). In such “Smart Lighting” systems, energy is conserved by only powering the lights for the duration of a timer, after which the person has presumably left the area. A motion detector may be among the sensors of a burglar alarm that is used to alert the home owner or security service when it detects the motion of a possible intruder. Such a detector may also trigger a security camera in order to record the possible intrusion.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this work is construct an electronic Door Bell with Sensor and indicating light that alert the occupant of the house or property whenever someone approaches the door or gate of the user.

1.3                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The motion sensor used is the top dog of your security system, because it is the main device that detects when someone is in your door. A motion sensor uses one or multiple technologies to detect movement in an area. If a sensor is tripped, a signal is sent to the system’s control panel, which connects to your monitoring center, alerting you that someone is approaching your door.

1.4                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of motion sensor is to sense human and send an alert to your control panel, which alerts the user via bell signal indicating light (LED).

1.5                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

• Alert you in the event that your teen breaks curfew
• Trigger a doorbell when someone approaches the front door
• Alert you when kids enter restricted areas in the home, like the basement, workout room, or medicine cabinet
• Save energy by using motion sensor lighting in unoccupied spaces
• Notify you if pets enter areas where they’re not supposed to be

1.6                             PROBLEMS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

The problem of this work focuses on the problem of the Motion sensors have some problem:

1. it has a limited distance to detect the motion
2. if a motion sensor for the door bell is not mounted securely, normal vibration, sign, plants and neon light can trigger the bell.
3. Animals may trigger the motion detector that you don’t want to. An outside detector mounted too close to a light that stays on at night, will be triggered continuously by bugs.
4. The set shutoff time of the motion sensor may be too short (maybe only 30 seconds). For outside lights with a motion detector, if you want more “on time”, it’s best to buy a model with an adjustable shutoff time.
5. The reliability of a motion sensor may also be affected by rapid environmental changes and direct sunlight. Also, things like a fireplace, and direct wind from an air conditioner or heater. This is because a PIR sensor actually detects changes in infrared energy – specifically, the “heat energy” emitted by normal human skin temperature.

1.7                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANIZATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this work were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of a motion sensor. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.