Design And Construction Of An Automatic Battery Switch

ABSTRACT

As technological advancement has been on the increase in our society many have fallen in love with technology and world want to have a feel in virtually to everything they do.

This Automatic battery Switch will automatically switch from one battery to another when low battery or open circuit occurs to one of the batteries used. Apart from battery, it can be used to automatically switch appliances with two different dc sources like solar energy and battery or solar energy versus wind energy.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      PROJECT MOTIVATION

• AIM OF THE PROJECT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF THE BATTERY
• BATTERY BASICS
• BATTERY CHARACTERISTICS
• BATTERY CHARGING AND DISCHARGING PARAMETERS

CHAPTER THREE

3.0   CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1     BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

3.2      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.3      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

3.4     DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      TESTING AND RESULTS

• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
• CASING AND ASSEMBLING OF THE SYSTEM
• OBSERVATIONS
• DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED ON THE SYSTEM
• BATTERY CHARGING

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                             INTRODUCTION

Power instability or outage in general does not promote development in the public and private sector. The investors do not feel secure to come into a country with constant or frequent power failure. These limit the development of industries. In addition, there are processes that cannot be interrupted because of their importance for instance, surgery operation in hospitals, transfer of money between banks and lots more. Power instability and outage in developing countries (Nigeria) creates a need for alternative sources of power to backup the mains supply.

This project is on an automatic battery switch and how it can be used to change from one dc power sources to the other automatically. The design comprises some arrangement that senses the low battery level either of the power sources and drives the electro mechanical switching device (relay) that is capable of changing two poles (live and neutral) to give out energy.

Automatic battery switch find a wide application scope wherever the reliability of electrical supply from the utilities is low and it is used in lighting/motor/inverter circuits wherever continuity of supply is necessary, for switching to an alternative source from one dc source (battery) and vice versa.

Electronic components such as relay transformer diodes were used thereby making the project less expensive for the implementation of the project and commercial application.

Moreover, the cost suitability and availability of the required components for the project circuitry were some of the major factors considered by the designer.

1.1                                                  PROJECT MOTIVATION

A man bought a new 12v 110 Ah lead acid battery for the dc home lighting system. And he had another 12v 110ah battery which is about 8year old (which is connected earlier in the same lighting system in my house itself) . But the old one has approximately 25ah capacity as i calculated.

But it is not sufficient to glow light for about 5 hours of night.(i.e. From 6pm to 11pm) but want to use old and new Battery. But i can’t join them in parallel, as old one may takes charge from new battery, which decrease the life of new one.

Therefore, a ‘Two-way’ switch was presented to switch on and off between old and new battery. Whenever lighting system controller shows red light, i.e. At about 11.5v, i manually operate the two way switch to switch on the new battery.

This circuit is used to switch on and off between two batteries in such a way that, initially lighting system operates with old battery and as the voltage of old battery decreases (below 11.5v) then only switch on to new one.

1.2                                                             AIM / OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The aim of this work is build an automatic device that switches from one battery to another in time of low battery experience. At the end of the project the student involved shall be able to understand the operating principle of a relay.

1.3                                                             SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This device works on a principle of selector switching system for automatically toggling of two different dc source. And also the system enable automatic switching of two different battery such that when one of the battery is at work the second battery gets charged and when it is fully charged it switches over to the second battery for charging and vice versa.

1.4                                         APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

1. This circuit can be used as a home lighting system with few modifications.
2. It can be used to drive other DC loads like a DC motor of any electronic appliance or other toy applications.
3. It can be used to switch appliances with two different dc sources.

1.5                                          LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT

This device is mainly designed to appliances with dc supply.

1.6                                                             PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of the work is to avoid power interruption on device whose power source depends on the battery, and to replace manual switching of battery to automatic.

1.7                                             SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This device makes it to possible to switch between his old and new inverter batteries automatically, eliminating manual interventions.

1.8                                             STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, aim, objective, purpose, significance, limitation and application of the study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.