Design And Construction Of A Wireless Mobile Charger Using Inductive Coupling

ABSTRACT

As power requirements for portable devices increase, consumers are looking for easy-to-use charging solutions that can be deployed in a wide array of environments such as home, office, automobiles, airports, schools and more. Wireless charging uses an electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two objects. This is usually done with a charging station. Energy is sent through an inductive coupling to an electrical device, which can then use that energy to charge batteries or run the device. The aim of this work is to design a device that can charge cellphone wirelessly.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECTR
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1     HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF INDUCTION

2.2       APPLICATION OF AN INDUCTIVE COUPLING

2.3      DESCRITION OF INDUCTOR

2.4      INDUCTOR CONSTRUCTION REVIEW

2.5     TYPES OF INDUCTOR

CHAPTER THREE

3.0       DESIGN METHODOLOGY

3.1     SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2     SYSTEM OPERATION 

3.3     SYSTEM WORKING PRINCIPLE

3.4   SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.5   ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1     CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING ANALYSIS

4.2     CASING AND PACKAGING

4.3       ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS

4.4   TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

4.5      PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1      CONCLUSIONS

5.2     RECOMMENDATION

5.3      REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION

The method use in charging portable devices such as cellphone wirelessly is known as inductive charging. Inductive charging uses an electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two objects. This is usually done with a charging station. Energy is sent through an inductive coupling to an electrical device, which can then use that energy to charge batteries or run the device [Zhen Ning, 2009].

Induction chargers use an induction coil to create an alternating electromagnetic field from within a charging base, and a second induction coil in the portable device takes power from the electromagnetic field and converts it back into electric current to charge the battery. The two induction coils in proximity combine to form an electrical transformer. Greater distances between sender and receiver coils can be achieved when the inductive charging system uses resonant inductive coupling. Recent improvements to this resonant system include using a movable transmission coil (i.e. mounted on an elevating platform or arm) and the use of other materials for the receiver coil made of silver plated copper or sometimes aluminium to minimize weight and decrease resistance due to the skin effect [Zhen Ning, 2009].

1.1                                                 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The objective of this project is to design a wireless power transmission mobile charger circuit using inductive coupling is to charge a low power device using wireless power transmission. This is done using charging a resonant coil from AC and then transmitting subsequent power to the resistive load. The project is meant to charge a low power device quickly and efficiently by inductive coupling without the help of wires.

1.2                                                       PROBLEM STATEMENT

The invention of this device brought solution to problem seen in the wired mobile charger and introduce the following advantages [K. Oguri, 2000].

1. Protected connections – No corrosion when the electronics are all enclosed, away from water or oxygen in the atmosphere. Less risk of electrical faults such as short circuit due to insulation failure, especially where connections are made or broken frequently.
2. Low infection risk – For embedded medical devices, transmission of power via a magnetic field passing through the skin avoids the infection risks associated with wires penetrating the skin.

• Durability – Without the need to constantly plug and unplug the device, there is significantly less wear and tear on the socket of the device and the attaching cable.

1. Increased convenience and aesthetic quality – No need for cables

1.3                      ADVANTAGES OF THE WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER

Advantages of this device is as follows according to [K. Oguri, 2000]:

1. Wireless Power Transfer system completely reduces existing high- tension power transmission cables, substations and towers between the consumers and generating station.
2. The cost of the distribution and transmission become
3. The cost of the electrical energy to the consumers also reduces.
4. The power could be transmitted to places to which the wired transmission is not possible.

1.4                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

• Slower charging – Due to the lower efficiency, devices take longer to charge when supplied power is the same amount.
• More expensive – Inductive charging also requires drive electronics and coils in both device and charger, increasing the complexity and cost of manufacturing.
• Inconvenience – When a mobile device is connected to a cable, it can be freely moved around and operated while charging. In most implementations of inductive charging, the mobile device must be left on a pad to charge, and thus can’t be moved around or easily operated while charging.
• Incompatibility – Unlike (for example) a MicroUSB charging connector, there are no universal standards for inductive charging, thus necessitating various different chargers for different devices.Newer approaches reduce transfer losses through the use of ultra thin coils, higher frequencies, and optimized drive electronics. This results in more efficient and compact chargers and receivers, facilitating their integration into mobile devices or batteries with minimal changes required. These technologies provide charging times comparable to wired approaches, and they are rapidly finding their way into mobile devices [Zhen Ning, 2009].
• Distance constraint: Field strengths have to be under safety levels
• Initial cost is high
• In RIC, tuning is difficult
• High frequency signals must be the supply Air ionization technique is not feasible

1.4                                         APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

• Near-field energy transfer
• Electric automobile charging Static and moving
• Consumer electronics
• Industrial purposes Harsh environment Far-field energy transfer
• Solar Power Satellites
• Energy to remote areas
• Can broadcast energy

1.5                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Wireless charger using inductive coupling, is one of the effective ways to transfer power between points without the use of conventional wire system. Wireless power transmission is effective in areas where wire system is unreachable or impossible. The power is transferred using inductive coupling, resonant induction or electromagnetic wave transmission depending on whether its short range, mid-range or high range [K. Oguri, 2000].

In this paper, oscillation circuit converts DC energy to AC energy (transmitter coil) to transmit magnetic field by passing frequency and then induce the receiver coil. The properties of Induction coupling are wave (magnetic field-wideband), range (very short cm), efficiency (hight) and operation frequency (LF-band several hundred kHz). The paper shows as a small charging for 5V battery of phone in this method. The system bases on coupling magnetic field, then designed and constructed as two parts. There are transmitter part and receiver part [Y. Yang and M. Jovanavic].

In this project, the wireless charger works mainly on the principle of inductive coupling. With this inductive coupling idea, we are trying to transfer power wirelessly to charge low power devices, such as mobile phones, cameras, wireless mouse etc.

1.6                                         METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. Design was carried out.
2. Studying of various component used in circuit.
3. Construct the circuit.

• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.7                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to the study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of the study were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of this study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.

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