ABSTRACT

This work is on a three phase auto monitoring and switching system. The system uses phase sensors to monitor the voltage in each phase. The microcontroller is in charge of all the control operation in the system and takes intelligent decisions based on the analysis. The decisions of the microcontroller are used to control the operation of the power circuit from long distance wirelessly by using GSM module. GSM Module is used to notify the user about the status of the input and output voltage so this system provides fully automatic monitoring.

Key Words: GSM MODULE, 3ф power supply, CURRENT SENSOR, ATmega328, SMS alert

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page                                                                                                                                i

Certificate page                                                                                                                       ii

Declaration                                                                                                                              iii

Certification                                                                                                                            iv

Abstract                                                                                                                                  v

Dedication                                                                                                                              vi

Acknowledgement                                                                                                                  vii

Table of contents                                                                                                                    viii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background of the study

1.2       Statement of the problem

1.3       Aim and objective of the project

1.4       Limitation of the problems

1,5      Applications of the project

1.6    Definition of terms

1.7       Methodology

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1       Review of electrical phases

2.2       Review of three-phase electric power

2.3       Review of related studies

CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY

3.1       Block diagram description

3.2      System description

3.3      System flowchart

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1       Installation of the completed design

4.2       Construction procedure and testing

4.3      Testing of system operation

4.4       RESULT

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1       Conclusion

5.2       Recommendations

References

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The unstable power supply in Nigeria has been an issue of great concern to the dwellers [Agbetuyi et al, 2017]. This retards development as well as negatively affects other realms of life in general. As a measure to overcome this, the use of generator has been adopted by the general masses. At the time of the power failure, manual change over from mains to generator imposes a lot of challenges which needs solution [Agbetuyi et al, 2017]. These challenges include the physical need for the presence of a person for switching on and off the generator with the accrued inconveniences of staying awake, phone calls or climbing down and up the stairs to start or off the generator.

Other challenges include cost in running of the generator not knowing that power has been restored and the risk of electric shock. Different technologies have, however, been designed and implemented for the purpose of overcoming the above listed challenges. Unfortunately, these technologies still pose different short comings which still need solution. The design and implementation of a three phase auto monitoring and switching system aim at overcoming the above limitations as well as adding other necessary features.

Industrial automation is necessary in today’s world. Automation minimizes human efforts. Our time is well used because of automation. Production is fast growing. Due to automation, the cost is reduced. Earlier, when we are talking about automated devices that could do anything at the instigation of a controller, we are looking into the face of the future, but it has become a reality today. An automated device can replace a good manpower.

Control of phase load is very much needed in Industry 3. Many machines are used in industry. There are devices available on the market in today’s world to control one single load at a time. This system can simultaneously control two loads. This saves time, space and cost.

Three phase machines are used in the industry. They’re very expensive. This system provides them with electricity protection. Sometimes the voltage supplied to machines is fluctuated due to electrical losses. Under voltage and over voltage, machine failure is permanent. Electricity sometimes becomes one phase. It’s very high to repair costs. To avoid this, the machines must be protected. We are using load control devices for this purpose.

It is related to agriculture in India’s 70 percent population. Agriculture is therefore a very important area. We need to invent new equipment to minimize farmers ‘ efforts. This system can control water pumps for agriculture.

This system can control and check the status from anywhere in the world. GSM module controls the entire device. To start the engine, all induction motors require a starter. Depending on the engine ratings, the starter is used. Wireless three- phase induction motor device, without using wire, can start the motor from a long distance. With a mobile device, this starter works. A mobile transmitter works as a signal transmitter in this system and a signal receiver is the GSM module. The receiver module is called by the mobile transmitter. The call is received automatically through the receipt of the module.

Some wise scientist once said control system is a system where the machine can be shut down whenever we want. This is the difference between machine controlled and machine uncontrolled. Our project is to make efficient and dynamic this control system.

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

Due to inconsistent supply of power, there is a growing need for an alternative source of power supply. This has led to heavy capital investment in a bid to suppress power failure and ensure regular power supply for the industry, hospitals, schools and homes. The problem of power failure can be checkmated with the use of stand-by generating set.

In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances with the increase in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the complexity of life.

The project is designed to operate or control an electrical load multiple number of times as per the program. It overcomes the difficulties of switching the load ON/OFF manually.

1.3                                AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

AIM

The main aim of this work is to design a device that will overcome power fluctuation phase interruption by switching next most healthy available phase to feed the equipment, and system can control and check the status from anywhere in the world using GSM module.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this work are:

1. To provide a means of switching from one phase of AC mains to another in the case of failure in the existing phase.
2. To sense any abnormal condition in any of the phases which may be low voltages, high voltages or

• To automatically disconnects the load from the mains source when there is any abnormality and transfers it to the standby generator

1. To control and check the status from anywhere in the world using GSM

1.4                                     LIMITATION OF THE PROBLEMS

In the course of designing this project, different kinds of problems were notice such as:

• Difficulty in troubleshooting with circuit without the circuit diagram
• Difficult in wiring because of the strong wiring the project required.
• It requires maintenance because they involve less complex components, particularly in terms of testing maintenance and replacement part.
• The cost of designing the device is higher than that of the manual selector.
• Operating voltages: 220V-240
• 16A is the maximium load it can handle.

1.5                                     APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

This device provides constant power supply in our:

• Homes
• Workshops
• Worship centre (such as churches or mosque)
• Offices
• And any other places that electrical energy is been used

1.6                                                         DEFINITION OF TERMS

Power Outage / Power Failure: A power outage is the loss of the electrical power network supply to an end user.

Automatic Changeover: is device that automatically transfers power from generator supply to PHCN supply when available and stops the generator without human intervention.

Voltage monitoring: To determine if a phase imbalance is present.

Switching system: Collection of switching elements arranged and controlled in such a way as to set up a common path.

1.7                                         METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. programming of microcontroller
2. Design and calculation for the changeover was carried out.
3. Studying of various component used in circuit.

• Construct a digital changeover circuit.
• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

References

• A Agbetuyi, A. A. Adewale, J. O. Ogunluyi and D. S. Ogunleye, “Design and Construction of an Automatic Transfer Switch for a Single Phase Power Generator,” Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Covenant University, Ogun State, pp. 1- 2, 2017.
• Schneider Electric Industries SAS [Online]. Available: http://www2.schneider- com/documentsnn 2007
• Uniprojects, “Project Topics and Materials,” 2017. [Online]. Available: https://uniprojects.net. [Accessed 20 June 2017].
• J. Alake, Fundamental Concept in Electronic Circuit Desgn, Ado-Ekiti: Tees Tech Educational Publishers, 2002.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1                                                          CONCLUSIONS

3 Phase Load Control Using the GSM module, three phase loads are monitored and controlled fully automatically. With the use of wireless GSM module, three phase loads can be started or stopped from long distance in this system. As well as the load, it can protect against overload and under load automatically. This system minimizes the efforts of humans.

5.2                                                  RECOMMENDATIONS

The device (Three phase power supply monitoring and selector with SMS alerts) has been designed, tested and system was able to respond to its operation. This work was built with quality wiring and contains many connections, I recommend that if failure occur, it should be troubleshoot by a qualify personnel along with the circuits diagram.

This project was built for Educational purposes. If one wants to use it for industrial or home applications, I recommend that a hook should be attached to the casing that would allow fixing the system on the wall.

Working on this topic (Three phase power supply monitoring and selector with SMS alerts) as my project is a good idea and it comes at the right time. I am suggesting that this particular topic should also be given to other students both in higher and lower class.