Design And Construction Of A Surveillance Drone

ABSTRACT

This work is on building a surveillance drone. Surveillance drones are unmanned aircraft used to gather still images, video recordings or live video of targets such as people, vehicles or specific areas. They may be used by governments, militaries, law enforcement or commercial entities to gather information and intelligence that can be used to assist decision-making.

Using drones for surveillance can provide access to areas that may be difficult or impossible to reach by humans on foot or in land vehicles. Many drones are quieter than manned aircraft, can fly at lower altitudes and are less expensive to operate. Using military and law enforcement surveillance drones in potentially dangerous environments such as battlefields or crime scenes can also prevent putting humans at risk.

In this work a drone has been built that can be operated by radio frequency controller and send live audio-visual feedback. Microcontroller based drone control system has also been developed where a RF transmitter and receiver operating in the frequency of 2.4 GHz are used for remote operation for the Drone.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      Background of the study

• Problem statement
• Aim and objective of the study
• Significance of the study
• Application of the study
• Limitation of study

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      Foundation concepts

2.1.1  Pattern recognition approach

2.2      Technological innovations

2.3      Survey related system

2.4      Conceptual view of the system

2.5      Methodology of the system investigation

2.6      Problem of the system

2.7      Impact on humanity

2.7.1  Past

2.7.2  Present

2.7.3  Future

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

• Design and working of the system
• Construction
• System working
• Components used

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 RESULTS

4.1    Result

CHAPTER FIVE

• Summary
• Conclusion
• Recommendation

REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.1   BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Surveillance is the close observation of a person, group of people, behaviours, activities, infrastructure, building etc for the purpose of managing, influencing, directing, or protecting. There are several different methods of surveillance, including GPS tracking, camera observation, stake-outs, data mining and profiling, and biometric surveillance among others.

Traditional observational surveillance methods are typically limited by the stationary nature of the camera, which is usually handled manually or fixed upon a tripod or other structure. Aerial surveillance can be performed using a helicopter; whilst this achieves the desired result, it is also very costly.

Unmanned aircraft systems provide the ideal solution to the problems and limitations faced by other surveillance methods. Drone surveillance presents an easier, faster, and cheaper method of data collection, and a number of other key advantages. Drone planes can enter narrow and confined spaces, produce minimal noise, and can be equipped with night vision cameras and thermal sensors, allowing them to provide imagery that the human eye is unable to detect.

UAVs can quickly cover large and difficult-to-reach areas, reducing staff numbers and costs, and do not require much space for their operators.

Drones are one of the most promising and powerful new technologies to improve disaster response and relief operations. Drones naturally complement traditional manned relief operations by helping to ensure that operations can be conducted safer, faster, and more efficiently.

When a disaster occurs, drones may be used to provide relief workers with better situational awareness, locate survivors amidst the rubble, perform structural analysis of damaged infrastructure, deliver needed supplies and equipment, evacuate casualties, and help extinguish fires—among many other potential applications.

In advance of an emergency, drones are able to assist with risk assessment, mapping, and planning. When individuals, businesses, and communities are able to understand and manage risks and plan effectively, they reduce overall damage and losses. Rebuilding and recovery are then able to begin more quickly and ultimately strengthening the resiliency of communities.

Drones have long been described as optimally suited to perform the “3-D” missions, often described as dirty, dull, and dangerous. They can provide needed aerial data in areas considered too hazardous for people on the ground or for manned aircraft operation, such as sites with nuclear radiation contamination or in close proximity to wildfires. Drones can also deliver needed supplies and relay Wi-Fi and cellular phone service when communications are needed the most. The study is on discussing an aircraft type portable drone for surveillance.

1.2                                       PROBLEM STATEMENT

Launching an attack against unseen enemy or criminal can be dangerous in the sense that they are unseen and as a result of that it can claim the lives of security personnel. In order to be safe and at the same time achieve good result during operation against enemy, a drone was invented. Surveillance drones are unmanned aircraft used to gather still images, video recordings or live video of targets such as people, vehicles or specific areas. They may be used by governments, militaries, law enforcement or commercial entities to gather information and intelligence that can be used to assist decision-making. Using drones for surveillance can provide access to areas that may be difficult or impossible to reach by humans on foot or in land vehicles. Many drones are quieter than manned aircraft, can fly at lower altitudes and are less expensive to operate. Using military and law enforcement surveillance drones in potentially dangerous environments such as battlefields or crime scenes can also prevent putting humans at risk.

1.3                                       AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The main aim of this work is to carry out a research on the invention of drone for surveillance purpose. The objectives of this work are

1. To build a drone that can be operated by radio frequency controller and send live audio-visual feedback.
2. To provide easier, faster, and cheaper method of data collection

• To increase security

1.4                                       SIGINIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research work will throw more light on the best techniques for monitoring and data collection in terms of security. This study will also be designed to be of immense benefit to all the users of drone and also to intended users of the device.

With this study, all the application of the drone shall be made known to the reader

Finally, it will also serve as a useful piece of information for governments, militaries, law enforcement or commercial entities to gather information and intelligence that can be used to assist decision-making.

1.5                                       SCOPE OD THE STUDY

Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles that can be equipped with high definition, live-feed video cameras, thermal infrared video cameras, heat sensors, and radar—all of which allow for sophisticated and persistent surveillance. Drones can record video or still images in daylight or infrared. In this study, the technology behind drone shall be made known.

1.6                                       LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this course me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Financial Constraint: Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet).

• Time Constraint: The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work

1.6                                               DEFINITION OF TERMS

Surveillance: Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior, activities, or information for the purpose of information gathering, influencing, managing or directing

Aircraft: An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air.

Unmanned Aerial: An unmanned aerial vehicle is an aircraft without a human pilot on board