Design And Construction Of A Multiparameter Wireless Sensor Network (For Motion , Temperature And Humidity Monitoring)

ABSTRACT

The development of a multiparameter sensing device based on wireless sensor network system for motion, temperature and humidity monitoring is described. The system is composed of two main parts, namely an end device and a coordinator. The end device consists of an SHT10 sensor, PIR Sensor, an XBee Pro RF module, an ATMega8535 microcontroller, and a battery. The coordinator consists of an XBee Pro RF module and an SIM900 GSM module. The motion, temperature and humidity data were sent by the end device to the coordinator and they were forwarded to the web server via GPRS communication using the SIM900 GSM module. In order to the data stored in the database can be accessed in real time via the internet, a web server is developed by using CodeIgniter (CI). It was shown that each end device can communicate very well with the coordinator. Moreover, the data are received in accordance with the timing of delivery was given.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT
• METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

• LITERAUTURE REVIEW
• INTRODUCTION
• REVIEW OF DIFFERENT APPLICATION OF THE STUDY
• REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES
• ORIGIN AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
• PROPOSED STUDY

CHAPTER THREE

CHAPTER THREE

• METHODOLOGY
• SYSTEM SETUP
• HARDWARE DESIGN
• SOFTWARE DESIGN

CHAPTER FOUR

• RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                                INTRODUCTION

1.1                                              BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a system composed of RF transceiver (radio frequency), controller, power source, and sensors [1,2]. It is very useful when applied to systems that require many sensors or a place hard to reach, such as monitoring the strength of a bridge, monitoring systems of climate, volcanoes, agriculture, and so on [3-7]. Current research shows that WSNs have been applied in climate monitoring, agriculture such as green house project, controlling soil fertility, and animal husbandry such as hatching eggs in poultry farms, and so on [8,9].

One of the communication protocols used in WSNs is ZigBee that uses radio wave transceiver with frequency of 2.4 GHz and it is one of the Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) standards IEE 802.15.4 [1]. XBee RF is an inexpensive and low-power module that supports the ZigBee protocol. An XBee Pro (60 mW) can transmit data at the farthest distance of 90 m indoor and up to 1.5 km outdoor. The voltage operation of XBee is 3.3 V and it can be configured to communicate point-to-multipoint, broadcast, and peer-to-peer, and it can be used in WSN applications [10]. Liu, et al. designed a WSN application for environmental conditions monitoring such as motion, temperature and humidity of a factory hatchery. The system was made by using the ZigBee protocol in which the data was sent to the monitoring center or coordinator where the data acquisition software was created using the Visual Basic program [11].

In general, measured data of a WSN, which are accepted by the coordinator, are shown locally on a computer connected to the coordinator, thus making the data do not widely accessed. In some cases, it is important to access the data freely. Therefore it is very important to design a WSN system in which the data can be accessed freely without depending on place and time. In this paper, we developed a WSN-based monitoring system that is connected to the internet or a web server via an SIM900 GSM module.

1.2                                               PROBLEM STATEMENT

The Nigerian environment is considered to be hazards prone brought about by man-made and natural disasters due to its geographic circumstance which is exposed to catastrophic, robbery and fires. Based on the reports; devastations of these natural hazards and disasters including fires have increased in recent years. Our lifestyle of negligence and adapting to emerging technological solutions puts us at the risk of loss to fire, intruder and related occurrences as seen in markets, homes and other public places. The purpose of this project is to put a stop to these problems by alerting the owner of such environment at the starting point of fire accident, low humidity, and intruder using wireless sensor network.

1.3                                                       AIM OF THE PROJECT

In this project, the main of this work is to design an efficient multi-parameter wireless sensor network that has the function of detecting an intruder, change of temperature, and humidity of an environment.

1.4                                                PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The main purpose of this work “a multi-parameter wireless sensor network “ is to ensure full environmental security.

1.5                                                       SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

Environment monitoring is important for the safety of our homes and it is also an important application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). We put forward an integrated environment monitoring system for home monitoring system, which uses the WSN with multi-parameter monitoring as the supplementary technique. In this work, multi-parameter monitoring system controls and monitors environment parameters such as temperature, humidity and motion.

1.6                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

1. Constant Protection: If you install a multi-parameter system in your home, you and your family have round-the-clock the protection against break-ins, over heat or low temperature. The temperature sensor can also be used for fire detection.
2. This system also protects farm plants from withering when used in irrigation system.

• This system is fully automated. So once this system is installed inside home or industry, then it does not require any human interaction to operate.
  With the use of this system we can save the life of person inside home / industry when an intruder breaks in or when fire accident occurs.

1. Also the property inside house and various materials inside the house and industry are saved from to theft.
2. Also it is Fast and efficient

1.7                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

PIR sensor can cause false alarm if the insect or any other related animals walks on the sensor.

Expense: The primary reason while only few people install this device at home is because of the cost of purchasing it and the cost of installing the device. The cost of buying and installing this device is very high [3].

1.8                                         APPLICATIONS OF THE PROJECT

1) This project has its main application in security system. This project can be used in home as domestic security system. It will be really useful for the security of flat, bungalow or any row house. It can be used in our house for theft detection at night time, temperature and humidity of the environment.

2) Various parameters monitored in this project like humidity, intruder detection and overheat or cold also applicable for industrial purpose as well.

3) We can use this project in Restaurants as well as hotels, since LPG Gas cylinders

1.9                                                        METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
2. Studying of various component used in circuit.
3. Construction of the circuit was carried out.

• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.10                                                      PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.