Design And Construction Of A Microcontroller Based Electronic Vacuum Cleaner

ABSTRACT

Dust can be harmful to somesone’s health, mostly people with respiratory conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD) or emphysema even small dust particle inhaled may cause irritation of the eyes,coughing,sneezing, hayfever or asthma attacks.

In workshop, dust and dirty can cause serious damage to health as well as reducing the effectiveness of your machine, or even causing damage to it. To avoid this, vacuum cleaner may be used. Vacuum cleaner is a device that uses an air pump to create a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors, and from other surfaces such as upholstery and draperies. The dirt is collected by either a dustbag or a cyclone for later disposal.

This microcontroller electronic control system for a vacuum cleaner is provided that supports two-way communications between a microcontroller in the handle of the vacuum cleaner and a suction motor and various sensors in the canister of the vacuum cleaner. The vacuum cleaner may be placed in one of two user-selectable bag change modes. In a maximum suction bag change mode, the electronic control system of vacuum cleaner will shut off the vacuum cleaner and also have an ability to move straight during operation until an obstacle is detected, at which point it either turns left or right and continues on its way

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

In workshop, dust and dirty can cause serious damage to health as well as reducing the effectiveness of your machine, or even causing damage to it. To avoid this, a vacuum cleaner may be used.

A vacuum cleaner can be defined as a machine that employs an air pump to build a partial vacuum so as to suck up dirt and dust, mostly from floors and other surfaces. The dirt or dust is secured in a cyclone or dust bag which can later be emptied. A vacuum cleaner can be used either in a home, an office, a hospital or even in schools. They handle a lot of cleaning with ease and over a short period of time.

A vacuum cleaner uses an air pump (a centrifugal fan in all but some of the very oldest models), to create a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors, and from other surfaces such as upholstery and draperies. The dirt is collected by either a dustbag or a cyclone for later disposal. Vacuum cleaners, which are used in homes as well as in industry, exist in a variety of sizes and models—small battery-powered hand-held devices, wheeled canister models for home use, domestic central vacuum cleaners, huge stationary industrial appliances that can handle several hundred litres of dust before being emptied, and self-propelled vacuum trucks for recovery of large spills or removal of contaminated soil. Specialized shop vacuums can be used to suck up both dust and liquids.

1.2                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

The invention of the vacuum cleaner was a good technology and also a problem.  The problem was that women would be spending more time in the home taking care of housework and rearing the children.  The importance from the vacuum cleaner is that it would remove dirt and dust from the home providing less bacteria and germs.  So not only were there social and cultural impacts of owning and using a vacuum cleaner, there were also environmental and health effects to the American family.

The idea of technology to improve the home was making a woman job easier, but it was confining her to the home making her a domestic slave doing domestic labour. The earlier made cleaners were “clumsy of construction” and “awkward to handle” that it required 2 people to operate it. As time moved forward vacuum cleaners were getting better by design and more comfortable to use.  The housewife broke the disadvantage for the vacuum cleaner by saying that it was fast and easy and the attachments “Made short work of cleaning hangings, tufted furniture, cornices, picture frames, and remote corners under bureaus and bookcases.” Vacuum cleaners also cleaned more thoroughly than brooms and made it possible for the housewife to do other chores or duties.

The United States was not the only country trying to gain information about domestic duties.  These studies included getting observed data from these housewives.  The data would consist of time budget studies and detailed analysis of their everyday routines including washing and drying dishes, waste disposal, washing, drying and ironing clothes, and vacuuming. In 1941 the Bureau of Labor released statistics that 80% of all the residences in the United States were wired for electricity, 79% of the housekeeping families had electric irons, 52% had power washing machines and refrigerators, and 47% had vacuum cleaners.

The environmental and health impact that the vacuum cleaner had was immense to the American family.  H. Cecil Booth, a British engineer, invented a gas powered vacuum cleaner. It was so large that it had to be transported around by a vehicle.  He used this machine to remove tons of germ-laden dust and dirt particles from many public places like theaters, shops and even homes.  During World War II he received an assignment to remove suspected germs from the Crystal Palace.  Naval reserve men were quarantined with spotted fever in this building and were dying fast.  After 2 weeks of vacuuming and many truckloads of dust and dirt, his vacuum cleaner put an end to this epidemic.

The vacuum cleaners that are manufactured today have included filters and special dust bags to help reduce allergens, pesticides, and anything else that could affect your health.  There have been studies done that corroborate the vacuum cleaners contribution to reduce these dust allergens. The vacuum cleaner has also been tested to see what kind of allergens and pesticides are being exposed to the families in the home.  Small children who spend a lot of time on the carpet are at high risk to becoming exposed to these harmful dust particles. The vacuum cleaner keeps the waste and assures its nonuse. Everything that goes into the vacuum cleaner becomes an item for discard. The vacuum cleaner is one of the topmost domestic goods ever produced.  Its speed and efficiency makes available extra time for relaxation and less for cleaning. It’s obvious that the vacuum has an important and notable history. This reducer of pollutants, eliminator of germs and helper to the common housewife   will be around for many years to come.

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
The increase in the number of asthma cases has heightened our awareness of how indoor air quality affects our general health. Asthma is one of our nation’s most common chronic health conditions. Many substances can aggravate allergies or increase the severity of asthma symptoms in individuals who are sensitive to these allergens or irritants. Vacuum cleaners can remove many of these irritating particles from the air. The objective of the study is to fabricate a device that will suck up dust and dirt, usually from floors, and from other surfaces such as upholstery and draperies.

This microcontroller based electronic vacuum is initially placed in part of a room, and just moves straight until an obstacle is detected, at which point it either turns left or right and continues on its way.

2.2                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT 

The idea of technology to improve the home was making a woman job easier. Vacuum cleaners also cleaned more thoroughly than brooms and made it possible for the housewife to do other chores or duties.

this machine can remove tons of germ-laden dust and dirt particles from many public places like theaters, shops and even homes.

The vacuum cleaners have filters and special dust bags to help reduce allergens, pesticides, and anything else that could affect your health.  There have been studies done that corroborate the vacuum cleaners contribution to reduce these dust allergens. The vacuum cleaner has also been tested to see what kind of allergens and pesticides are being exposed to the families in the home.  Small children who spend a lot of time on the carpet are at high risk to becoming exposed to these harmful dust particles. The vacuum cleaner keeps the waste and assures its nonuse. Everything that goes into the vacuum cleaner becomes an item for discard.The vacuum cleaner is one of the topmost domestic goods ever produced.  Its speed and efficiency makes available extra time for relaxation and less for cleaning. It’s obvious that the vacuum has an important and notable history. This reducer of pollutants, eliminator of germs and helper to the common housewife   will be around for many years to come.

Although vacuum cleaner comes in different sizes, colors and styles, they all display common structures and provide immense benefits to users. This tool is built with powerful motor that allows the unit to suck all the unwanted elements in the surfaces and even in the air. You will certainly notice the big difference in results when you use a vacuum cleaner rather than doing the cleaning tasks manually. The importance of vacuum cleaner is recognized by those who have acquired excellent cleaning system with the help of this tool.

Vacuum cleaner is perfect addition to every home because it performs many special functions. A premium quality vacuum cleaner is in fact an excellent investment of homeowners and having this cleaning equipment at home is indeed very beneficial.

Every household needs this reliable and efficient cleaning equipment. Aside from its beneficial role in cleaning, a vacuum cleaner can also simplify and speeds up tasks assured with satisfying cleaning results. A vacuum cleaner comes with unique and advanced components and parts such as filters making it a greatly relied upon tool at home and in the workplace. The following further attest to the importance of vacuum cleaner:

• Vacuum cleaners remove dirt, dust, pet hair and other unwanted particles in the air and in the surfaces of your home.
• The process of cleaning is also made easy and simple having this cleaning tool around.
• Another important thing that signifies the great importance of vacuum cleaner is that it eliminates the greater involvement of human in the cleaning process.
•  Some vacuum cleaner has the capacity to wash and shampoo carpets. Other units that use steam also play essential role in disinfecting surfaces.
• A vacuum cleaner also protects your health. There are some models of vacuum cleaners that are added with unique features such as HEPA filter. This is responsible for eliminating pollen in the air and surfaces therefore decreasing the risk of allergic reactions.
• A vacuum cleaner helps clean air. The filtration efficiency of vacuum cleaners is excellent and it aids in filtering airborne allergens and dust in indoor air.
• An excellent brand of vacuum cleaner is sufficed to clean up an entire mess in your space.

These are just few of the many benefits provided by highly efficient vacuum cleaner. Home and office owners value this cleaning tool because it turns larger jobs to simple ones making residential and commercial spaces ultimately clean and fresh. A vacuum cleaner displays several beneficial features that take part in transforming your space into a clean, inviting, appealing and fresh haven.

Buying a vacuum cleaner and having this powerful tool at home is therefore a brilliant idea. It is only then that you can prove that this tool is highly capable of performing tasks in a quick and efficient manner. Due to magnificent function and contribution, the importance of vacuum cleaner is now highly talked upon.

1.4                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

One drawback to canister vacuums is that they may seem more cumbersome to use than uprights. The vacuum bags are small, requiring frequent replacement.

Since these vacuums don’t have a bag or seal, they tend to be dusty, and their size makes them impractical for indoor use. Keep one in the garage, school or shop for cleaning up big spills.They are noisy, and they do have wet-vac’s.

1.5                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

The device is used in school to clean and suck up dirt in school lab and lecture halls. Vacuum cleaners are designed to collect both small and large quantities of waste, ensuring continuous operation whenever required.

Explosion-proof executions, compressed-air operation, absolute filtration: can be used in explosion-hazardous environments or in the presence of harmful and toxic substances.

Pneumatic transport, centralized vacuuming, customized plants and configurations: proven know-how and expertise and untiring research enable to promptly identify the best solution to all vacuuming problems.

Machining centre and metal working machine tools in general need periodical cleaning/maintenance operations. Shavings and fluids should be removed and collected for the relevant recycling/disposing operations as per regulations in force. Industrial vacuum cleaners can be equipped with a full protecting cyclone separator (fully built into the machine structure) avoiding any contact between the vacuumed materials and the filter, so keeping its original efficiency. Moreover, it is possible to pre separate the liquid and the solid part inside the container. The full steel and aluminium execution of the machine and of the end accessories, as well as the special compound of the hosiery, make the whole RIBO vacuuming system suitable to face the mechanical and chemical stress by the vacuumed material over the time.

The use in cleanroom, the treatment/handling of dangerous materials and the possibility of explosive atmosphere generation make this work environment requiring the highest level of machinery safety. Industrial vacuum cleaners are the answer to any specific requirement: the full cowling stainless steel execution grant the sanitizing of every surface.

1.6                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

A vacuum cleaner is an appliance that removes dry material (dust, fibre, threads) from the surface to be cleaned by an airflow created by a vacuum developed within the unit. The material thus removed is separated in the appliance and the cleaned suction air is returned.

1.7                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of the study included both domestic and commercial vacuum cleaners, and hand held battery appliances. Household VCs are primarily used in household or domestic situations whereas commercial VCs are intended for professional housekeeping purposes and for use by laymen, cleaning staff or contracting cleaners. These are used primarily in office, shop, hospitals and hotel environments for longer periods of time than a household vacuum cleaner.

The body of the electronic vacuum cleaner is composed of a circular piece of foam board, onto which all the components are attached. Along the diameter of the circle are the two stepper motors and wheels. The motors are mounted to the underside of the unit with aluminum brackets and the wheels are glued onto the shaft of the stepper motors. At the rear of this device lies the third supporting wheel, which spins freely in all directions.