Design And Construction Of A Currency Counting Machine

ABSTRACT

The money counting machine (MCM) is one of the miracles of the science. Different techniques have been used to design and improve the counter machine, range from the simple counter that counts a number of notes with normal speed to high-level counter that utilized image processing to detect the type of currency and its amount in addition to used multiple fake detections and can run in very fast speed. These techniques and devices are highly expensive so just used in some area like banks, exchange office, markets merchant, etc. However, nowadays there is an improvement in design microcontroller unit (MCU) and its application along with it become in low cost, so there is a need to design counter machine based on utilized MCU and sensors. This work aimed to design a low-cost counter machine with fake detection that utilized MCU based ARM Cortex-M4 32 bit. The Teensy MCU version (3.2) as prototype card has been used which has ARM Cortex 32 processor. The mechanical parts that consist of the roller which has rods in a continuous pattern and the roller move these rods with a particular fixed speed. Laser transmitters and receivers have been used to detect notes and start and stop counting in addition to counting each note. The UV sensor has been used as fake notes detector. The counting result has been shown in LCD screen and the system will stop counting if detect any fake note. The results appear a relatively high-speed counting with high accuracy (100%) in counting and fake detection.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF CURRENCY-COUNTING MACHINE
• REVIEW OF DIFFERENT CURRENCY COUNTERS
• RELATED WORKS
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• COUNTERFEIT DETECTION
• ELECTRONIC COUNTERS FOR BILLS/ MONEY AND COINS
• NOTE TESTING METHODS

CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM DESIGN

• THEORY OF THE STUDY
• SYSTEM BLOCK DESCRIPTION
• PROPOSED SYSTEM SETTING
• HARDWARE STRUCTURE
• SYSTEM FLOW CHART
• SYSTEM INSTALLATION

CHAPTER FOUR

TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
• RESULT

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

A currency counting machine is a device designed primarily to accurately count a quantity of banknotes. Additionally, a currency counter may sort banknotes into batches and check for damaged or counterfeit notes. The currency counting machine works on the principle on the breadth of the bundle of currency and there in an roller which has rods in an continuous pattern and the roller moves these rods with a particular speed.

The speed remains constant as like in the ATM machine counting machine and these rollers moves on the bundle of the currency and just move out the single currency one by one at a constant and high speed and there is an transducers which detect that how many single currency has passed out in front of it.

Different range of counting machines like Basic Note counter, Intelligent Counting cum counterfeit detection machines and Hi Speed Heavy duty cash counting machine are available to suit different type of customers. Highly dependable and ideal for Banks, Big & small business houses, Traders, retailers, jewellers and almost all types of business establishment can use them according to their suitability.

The machine meant for detection of fake notes as prime function invariably should be capable of not allowing any fake note to pass as genuine. It is possible only with the detectors specially developed considering the large number of intricacies concerning to Nigerian notes.

The kind of machines Nigerian banks at cash counters needed are the machine which can verify not only the images but also can check the chemical and physical properties of papers, inks, resins and other materials used in production of note. The machine should be capable of not allowing any fake note to pass as genuine. It is possible only with the detectors specially developed considering the large number of intricacies concerning to Nigerian notes.

1.1                                         BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

A money counting machine is a machine that that counts cash either piles of banknotes or loose collections of notes. Note-checking machine not only counts, they also function as a high-speed counterfeit banknote detector, that helps to detect counterfeited money in the face of the advanced Forgery techniques by printing, copying, and electronic scanning technologies [1].The first ever recorded money counting machine was invented in 1958 in China, made by a small-time banker Zhi Tian Sie, who participated it in a challenge. He won third place. Zhi died at the age of 30 years old and his model was lost until recently rediscovered when tearing down his home [1]. Various set of counting machines such as Basic Note Counter, Intelligent Counting cum Counterfeit detection Machines, and Hi-Speed Heavy Duty Cash counting machine are available to suit different type of customers. Highly dependable and ideal for Banks, Big & small business houses, Traders, retailers, jewelers and almost all types of business establishment can use them according to their suitability [2]. With the development of sophisticated printing methods fake currencies have become on par with the original currency.  The need to validate currency authenticity has increased dramatically, increasing the demand for continuous improvement of counterfeit detection technologies. One of the earliest processes was to use Ultraviolet (UV) detection. It is based on the principle of detection of special kinds of inks that are only visible under Ultraviolet (UV) light. Since this method is low, the auto motion is introduced using NI-IMAQ. The polarization is depending on the principle that, the currency is not made of paper, but is a blend of cotton, paper, and linen. Moreover, the tree bark from which the currency is made is known as the Balsam figure which also contains a huge percentage of cellulose. Cotton is the purest form of  cellulose. Thus, it is safe to say that Cellulose contains a considerable component of the currency. Although the other ingredients will have some cause on the polarization angle, the polarization angle of the currency is almost close to that of cellulose, and the angle obtained by passing laser through the currency is unique thus it is made use of validation of the original currency from the forged ones [3].

1.2                                             OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of the work is construct an automatic currency notes counting machine that also does the function of detecting the authenticity of currency notes by measuring reflected and transmitted components of incident energy.

1.3                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

This device counts cash either piles of banknotes or loose collections of notes. This device does not only counts, they also function as a high-speed counterfeit banknote detector, that helps to detect counterfeited money in the face of the advanced Forgery techniques by printing, copying, and electronic scanning technologies [1].

1.4                                           LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

• Decision is subjective and needs a priori knowledge about an authentic currency note identical in all respect, except physical conditions, to the one under verification.
• It is practically impossible to stock standard samples either as images in the brain or physically corresponding currency notes of different denominations from various countries.

1.5                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The present invention relates to the use of photoelectric signal generated by photodetectors from the reflected and transmitted energy received from a currency note to verify its authenticity under UV-visible along with optional near infra red illumination. The process involves measurement of energy reflected and transmitted as photoelectric signals from a currency note in at least three optical wavebands by suitably located photodetectors and the electronic signal processing to distinguish between a genuine currency from a fake one for ultimate LED indicator display and audio- visual alarms, hence the detection of fake currency note.

1.6                                          ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

Counting large sums of money manually is a major problem for people. Slight inaccuracies in counting can cause major problems for individuals. To do away with manual errors in financial management, currency counting machines are often used for counting currencies. Here are some of the major advantages of using these machines in the day to day work: –

1. High Level of Accuracy: A currency counting machine offers a high level of accuracy in results. A person might make a mistake when he or she is counting notes manually. But this not the case with a machine which can make errors only when there are technical errors. It separately the notes with perfection while counting them. Notes which are old and soiled which are stuck to each other are also counted individually by machines.
2. A High Level of Convenience: Note counting machines can be easily handled. They come with a system of automatic start & stop. The machine starts counting automatically when the notes are inserted within it. It stops when the counting is complete. The machine comes with a user-friendly interface and has hassle free functions. Some models of these machines are equipped with feather touch keypads and a graphic LCD interface. They can be used easily.
3. Impact and Portability: These machines are compact and highly portable. They can be carried virtually anywhere. They operate using batteries and can be used smoothly even during power failure. These machines are specifically designed for counting Indian currency. There are quite a few machines which have various modes for performing specific operations. These modes are the batch mode, stamp mode, check mode, free mode etc. Moreover, the machines are equipped with an extra additional display unit for the convenience of customers.
4. Ability to Detect Fake Notes: Some currency counting machines can detect fake currency apart from counting notes. They detect fake notes and alarm the user with a beep on detecting any torn, fake or unusable notes on being inserted into the machine. It is one of the major advantages of a machine as identifying these notes manually is tough. This feature can save any commercial establishment from big losses. They are therefore used in banks, retail outlets, petrol pumps, hotels etc. They can ensure that customers, as well as cashiers, do not end up accepting fake notes.
5. Optimum Time Savings: A money counting machine has the ability to count machines faster than an individual. It has the ability to handle a large sum of money at a single time. Such a machine requires only a few seconds. Moreover, there is no need for rechecking figures and cause wastage of time. You will only require a single quick count to get the result. You can also place it next to the cash counter and save a considerable amount of your valuable time. Machines with a small size can be placed on the desk to get the desired results. They don’t occupy too much area.
6. Help in Counting Large Number of Notes: Counting a large number of notes manually is a tough task for any individual. Use of a money counting machine can help them count notes with accuracy and detect the fake ones.
7. Easy to Operate: The currency counting machines are easy to operate. These note counting machines comes with automatic start and end of note counting. The currency counting machine automatically starts counting note when notes are inserted into it and automatically end at the end of the note count. So these currency counting machines does not require any epical training & can be used by anyone and any age group.

1.7                                          APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device found application in the following places:

1. commercial banks
2. industries
3. small and big business owners
4. Traders,
5. retailers,
6. Jewelers
7. and almost all types of business establishment

1.8                                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to this study. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective limitation and problem of this work was discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of the study. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.