Design And Construction Of A 3KVA Fuelless Generator

ABSTRACT

Power generation and distribution has been an indispensable factor in the progress of an economy, ranging from manufacturing, banking, media, health care, aviation, etc. Environmental pollution which leads to degradation or depletion of ozone layer is one of the major problem caused by the use of generator with fossil fuels. Increase in the cost of fossil fuel which has been one of the major prime movers in the internal combustion engine (ICE) has been noticed. This can be accounted for based on the rapid decrease in the level of oil well. Hence, there is need for development of a power generating set that will not make use fuel to produce voltage. This study deals with the design, construction and performance evaluation of 3000W (3KVA) fuelless power generating set to serve as an alternative source of energy. The materials used for the project work include d c motor, alternator, connecting shaft, coupling, 12V/75Ah battery, charging panel (Transformer, diode, and capacitor), and frame.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0    INTRODUCTION

1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT MOTIVATION
• BENEFIT OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• REVIEW OF THE STUDY
• REVIEW OF THE RELATED WORK
• DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL GENERATOR AND FUEL-LESS GENERATOR
• REVIEW OF RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
• OVERVIEW OF DC MOTOR

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1      BASIC OF THE SYSTEM

3.2      DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM BLOCKS

3.3      MATERIALS USED

3.4      SYSTEM METHOD AND OPERATION

3.5      CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES

3.6     DESIGN PROCEDURE

3.7      DRAMATIC SETUP OF THE SYSTEM

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0    TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• CASING AND PACKAGING
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The exert nature of electricity is not known but investigation indicate that it consist of small negative charge called Electron, when this electron are standing still we have static electricity” and when they are forced to traveled a movement of electron they are called “Dynamic electricity. Power generation and distribution has been an indispensable factor in the progress of an economy, ranging from manufacturing, banking, media, health care, avaiation, etc. (Ulaby, 2019). It has however been proved that power skyrocket the productivity of a country.

Since power has been defined by Knight (2014) as the rate of doing work; this simply means that the productivity of a country will largely depend on the availability of power from different source. Thus, Hassen (2019) cited in Ulaby (2019) states that majority of the problems of Nigeria is traceable to the erratic power supply nature of the country, where many activities has been paralyzed due to the power outage. Analysis has clearly showed that Nigeria loose up to about N220 Billion annually, due to the unstable nature of the country power supply which has poses a threat, hence reducing the capacity of industries to increase productivity (James,2015).

Environmental pollution which leads to degradation or depletion of ozone layer is one of the major problems caused by the use of generator with fossil fuels (Ajav, 2012). Other problem includes land and water pollution, noise pollution, increase in price of fossil fuel year in year out, among others. The famous Faraday energy generator can be modified for perpetual electrical current maintenance (Adiyat et.al, 2013). The basic components the fuelless engines consisted of are a set of fast spinning discs placed between two electromagnets. But this scheme could never maintain current indefinitely, because the disc electrical charge is weak to withstand the opposing resistance of the conductor.

Practically, the effective working fuel-less generator have to be built by each material that have one thousand times the electrical conductivity of copper could generate and maintain self-sustained current. It is suggested that increasing disc rotation to incomprehensible velocity or huge component geometrical enlargements would have the same effect too (Taufik, 2015). It is necessary to spin discs with the super-rapidity required to generate self-sustaining electrical current.

The fuel-less engine usually runs very smooth and quiet and the best part of the design is that it is free from air pollution, since there is no emission of dangerous gas like Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon-dioxide (CO2), etc. The speed are adjustable or can be built to run at one speed with engine which does not run on any type of gasoline, oil or other combustible fuel. The free electrical energy produced by the fuel-less generators is replaced back into the motor and reused by the motor (Maini, 2018). Heavy electrical machinery that starts automatically or remotely generally makes use of contactors which rely on an electromagnetic force to close them to start the machinery. This force is created by an electric coil placed in the center of a laminated steel core. These coils are typically designed to operate at fairly low voltages, ranging from 110 volts to as low as 12 volts. As these machines themselves typically run on far higher voltages, this creates the need for a separate control voltage feed. Instead of having to run separate cables or install extra sets of bus bars, it is far simpler to use the main circuit voltage and step it down with a control transformer to the appropriate control voltage (Wisegeek, 2013).

1.2                                                  PROBLEM STATEMENT

If there is one factor that has perpetually maintained the status of Nigeria as a less developed country, it is its electricity sector. Till date, many households and industrial businesses cannot be guaranteed of 24 hours supply of electricity from the National grid. At this stage of Nigeria’s social and economic development, the country cannot deliver sufficient energy to the citizens despite huge financial resources that have been expended in the sector.

Rather, Nigerians have continued to rely on electricity generators for their power supply, fuel marketers are taking significant portion of households’ institutions of learning’and businesses’ incomes to supply power, noise pollution from regular humming generators have become integral part of living for many Nigerians with imaginable consequences on their health.

Fuel generator causes Environmental pollution and produces smoke which leads to degradation or depletion of ozone layer and the smoke affect human health,  is one of the major problems caused by the use of generator with fossil fuels (Ajav, 2012). Other problem includes land and water pollution, noise pollution, increase in price of fossil fuel year in year out, among others. All these problems led to the idea of generating electricity that produces no noise and smoke – fuelless generator.

1.3                                  AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of the work is to create a generator which can generate electricity without using any fuel.

The objectives are as follows: –

• (i) To build the prototype of the system.
• (ii) To provide efficiency, steadiness in the use of power appliances, by ensuring continuous availability of power supply in the cause of main outage during an execution of an important or urgent assignment. Thereby enabling the department meet up with its office duties even when central power is not available.
• Reduce load on the National grid that turn to be reduce the overall energy consumption dependency on the main energy supply in the country
• Decrease customer utility bill on energy utilization because of its non-fuel consumption, low price and maintenance cost as compared to the convectional sources of power supplies within International and Local market.
• (v) Finally, to reduce carbon discharges and subsequently reduce global warming particularly in a period when poor climatic change has become a threat to human survival and life in general to all living creatures hence an ever increasing concern to control it.

1.4                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of this work covers building a fuelless generators. Fuelless Generator is a revolutionary portable generator which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, without the use of any fossil fuel. The generator building was carried out using dc motor, alternator and a rechargeable battery as the major hardware.

1.5                                                        METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. Design and calculation for the work was carried out.
2. Studying of various component / accessories used.
3. Construct the whole machine.

• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.5                                  PROJECT MOTOVATION

Fuelless generator is a generator that does not use fuel or other liquids (water, oil, diesel) and air for it’s mixture and burning. But, don’t conclude yet in saying that if not liquid, then it’s a solar inverter. No, it’s not because even our common house hold gasoline generator comprises of electrical and mechanical parts. But in solar inverter, we have mainly electronic components. This fuelless generator has few parts, simple, user serviceable, free from air pollution because it does not burn any air/fuel mixture anymore. Sound reduction by 70percent from our normal generator is maintained, that means you can even power it on in your room just by pressing a switch.

1.6                                BENEFIT OF THE RPOJECT

This device solves the problem of:

1. Business’ failure due to inconsistent power supply and high cost of energy
2. Environmental pollution from emission of gases from generating sets and noise pollution from generators.
3. Total absence of adequate power supply to effectively run businesses

1.7                          SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The introduction of FUEL LESS GENERATOR replaces the conventional source of power (fuel generator) we hope to; Help small scale business’ to Save up to 40% of their daily expenses. Reduce carbon emission by 30% through the use of fuel less generator Create employment/job opportunities.

1.8                               PROBLEM OF THE PROJECT

In this country, Nigeria, just like most developing countries in the world, we are faced with the challenges of light disruption. Continuous spending on fuelling and maintenance of our fuel generator, but now lets look at another alternative. Converting a fuelled generator into a fuel less generator and it has a low maintenance cost, these generators give 24hrs of electricity as long as you want to use them. Though in the earlier days of this invention a problem was encountered and this problem is that when the battery that powers the generators goes down the output voltage of the device will start dropping until when it will not be able to carry the alternator.