Design And Construction Of A 220V Live Wire Scanner

This project work is on 220v live wire scanner. When you hold the sensor (metallic conductor or copper wire) close to the live wire, electric field from mains activates the circuit. As the input impedance of the CMOS IC is high, the electric field induced in the sensor is sufficient to clock it. The output obtained at pin 11 of CD4017 drives the LED. Flashing of the LED (LED2) indicates the presence of mains, while LED1 indicates that the scanner is active.

The circuit can be used to find stray leakage from electrical appliances like fans, mixers, refrigerators, etc. It can be easily assembled on any general-purpose board or the discrete components can be directly soldered on the IC. This proposed device will detect the electrical power lines and give the alert signal to the user via LED.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM / OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• MOTIVATION OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT
• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• ELECTRIC SHOCK OVERVIEW
• ELECTRIC SHOCK CAUSES
• REVIEW OF ELECTRICAL TESTERS AND THEIR USES
• LIVE WIRE DETECTION
• PROPOSED SYSTEM

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     METHODOLOGY

3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2     SYSTEM BLOCK DESCRIPTION

3.3      HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

3.4      SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.5      SYSTEM CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.6     DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION
• RESULT

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                          INTRODUCTION

1.1                            BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The invention of electricity has also called for the invention of various tools and equipment for testing and detecting the presence of electricity flowing in a conductor or a wiring system George Claude in 1910 embark on a project of neon tester in attempt to provide a tool that will test for the presence of current in a live wire by the use of the neon bulb [1, 4, 7]. He further modifies this by designing a screw driver with an inbuilt neon bulb to light whenever current is flowing in a conductor. The current that flows through the metallic part is dropped down by a high resistor to a safe sub-mill ampere level. When the tip of the screw driver is connected to a live wire, there is small current that flow through the body of the individual carrying out the test to ground the tester and make the neon bulb to put on light indicating that there is supply of current to that point of the cable. The little limitation is that it can only test live wire when it make contact with it Donald Macadie, an engineer with the united post office (ups) in 1920s also embark on the project of multi-meter to solve the problem of most electrical measurement of which the test for voltage and electricity related test take the major part [5,6,7]. The multi-meter was designed to measure quantities such as alternating and direct current in ampere, alternating and direct voltage in volt, frequency in hertz, capacitance in farad, continuity test for open circuit and others. The multi meter has two probe usually the positive terminal as the red probe indicating live, also the negative terminal as the black probe indicating the ground or the neutral. In using the multi-meter either the analogue or the digital type to carry out any confirmatory test, the red probe is connected the live supply while the black probe is connected the ground. Corresponding deflection on the analogue multi-meter or an equivalent decimal digit displayed on the digital multi-meter indicates the presence of electricity in that wiring system. The limitation of multi-meter despite its numerous function test for open circuit will have to be carried out at various point of the conductor to check for open circuit whenever there is fault by making contact with the live wire, this makes it impossible for underground and conduit cable open circuit test.

During rainy season or in certain conditions, some electrical leakage may be happening in roadside electrical poles. People who are crossing this pole are affected when they are touching the pole. By using this proposed device, people will get alert before certain distance during their walk when they are crossing this kind of electrical poles. The proposed device has lot of potential usage and demand in the market. Based on the field of application, the device can be developed in different formats such as wearable model, pen type, and handheld device. The device has social responsibility in terms of saving human life from electrocution and is the motivation of this proposed work. Some of the potential areas are detailed below.

The proposed device can detect the presence of Power line placed inside a wall. Whenever, people doing alteration in houses, office, restaurants and etc., this device will help them to avoid the power lines, while making drill/ alterations in the wall. Some of the devices existing in the market are used to identify the AC live wires behind the walls, ceilings and floors.

1.2                                   PROBLEM STATEMENT

Electrocution causes serious effect on human and animals and leads to dead some times. The Electrocution is one in all the main faced problems in forest areas and a few agricultural fields even among electricians. Especially Forest guards were getting affected because of Electrocution in rainy seasons and through invisible condition. Forest guards get electrocuted in Forest due to electrical power lines and some of them lose their life by touching the electrical lines directly or when there is a leakage in supply lines. To solve this problem is to find out the condition of a wire. To find the electrocution condition, a device has been developed. This proposed device will detect the electrical power lines and give the alert signal to the user.

1.3                     AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main aim of this work is to build a device will detect the electrical power lines and give the alert signal to the user. The objectives are:

1. To save lives
2. To reduce the level of electrocution

• To improve safety in the home or at work, a detection system of electrical wires that are usually hidden in the wall or floor has been developed.

1.4                                    SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This device was built around a decade counter (cd4017). When you hold the sensor (metallic conductor or copper wire) close to the live wire, electric field from mains activates the circuit which gives an indication via a buzzer or LED.

1.5                                                      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research work will throw more light on the best techniques for controlling the risk of electrocution. This study will also be designed to be of immense benefit to all the users of electricity especially in industries.

It will also serve as a guide to whoever that wants to work on electricity including power holding company Nigeria personnel.

Finally, it will also serve as a useful piece of information for both electricity distributors and consumers.

1.6                                                      MOTIVATION OF THE STUDY

So many human and animal lives have been lost on electrocution due to direct or indirect contact with a live 220ac wire. In other to avoid this incidence this device was built. This device has the capacity of indicating when there is electric current flowing in a conductor from a distance without touching the live conductor. However, advantages discussed above were points that motivate the carrying out of this research work.

1.7                                                        LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

As we all know that no human effort to achieve a set of goals goes without difficulties, certain constraints were encountered in the course of carrying out this project and they are as follows:-

1. Difficulty in information collection: I found it too difficult in laying hands of useful information regarding this work and this cause me to visit different libraries and internet for solution.
2. Difficulty in parts gathering: I found it too difficult when gathering electronics parts used for the prototype because some parts were not sold in our local market.

1.8                                             RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In the course of carrying this study, numerous sources were used which most of them are by visiting libraries, consulting journal and news papers and online research which Google was the major source that was used.

1.9                                     PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.