Construction Of Automatic College Bell With Announcement System

A bell is a hollow vessel usually of metal, but sometimes of horn, wood, glass, or clay, struck near the rim by an interior clapper or exterior hammer or mallet to produce a ringing sound. Bells may be categorized as idiophones, instruments sounding by the vibration of resonant solid material, and more broadly as percussion instruments, College bells have an armature containing a permanent magnet, so that this is alternately attracted and repelled by each half-phase and different polarity of the supply. In practice, the armature is arranged symmetrically with two poles of opposite polarity facing each end of the coil, so that each may be attracted in turn. No contact breaker is required, so the bells are reliable for long service. For this reason, they were widely used for telephone bells. Before widespread distribution of electric power, bells were necessarily powered by batteries, either wet-cell or dry-cell type. Bells used in early telephone systems derived current by a magneto generator cranked by the subscriber. In residential applications, a small bell-ringing transformer is usually used to power the doorbell circuit. So that bell circuits can be made with low-cost wiring methods, bell signal circuits are limited in voltage and power rating. Bells for industrial purposes may operate on other, higher, AC or DC voltages to match plant voltages or available standby battery systems.  This work illustrates the use of automatic college bell to announce college hourly activities. Thus reducing the stress of visit the analog bell stand every hour of the day and night. The device comprises the power supply unit, the control unit, and the output unit. And, the introductory part, the basic operational principle, and the description of the components

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM OF THE PROJECT
• OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGINIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

• OVERVIEW OF SCHOOL BELL
• REVIEW OF BELL RINGER
• REVIEW OF TIMING DEVICES
• DESCRIPTION OF TIME MANAGEMENT
• THE IMPORTANCE OF TIME MANAGEMENT IN LECTURE

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

3.1      SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2     BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

3.3      SYSTEM OPERATION

3.4      CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

3.5      CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

3.6      PROGRAM CODE

3.7     DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS USED

3.8      POWER SUPPLY UNIT

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      TESTING AND RESULTS

• CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE AND TESTING
• INSTALLATION OF THE COMPLET DESIGN
• ASSEMBLING OF SECTIONS
• TESTING OF SYSTEM OPERATION

CHAPTER FIVE

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION
• REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                      INTRODUCTION

1.1                                       BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

A bell is a percussion instrument used in schools that tells the students when it is time to go to class in the morning and when it is time to change classes during the day. Typically, the first bell tells the students that it is time to report to class. The bell is an important instrument in both primary and secondary schools and even in the industries and other businesses where the bell timer plays a critical role in running the day. Bells are also associated with clocks indicating the hour by ringing. Clock towers or bell towers can be heard over long distances which was especially important in the time when clocks were too expensive for widespread use. The bell shape is usually an open-ended hollow drum which resonates upon being struck.

Bells were known in China before 2000 BC and in Egypt, India, Greece, Rome, and other ancient cultures. From earliest times, they were used as signaling devices, as ritual objects, and as magical, often protective, amulets (often hung in doorways or around the necks of animals). The use of bells in churches spread through Europe from the 6^th to 11^th centuries and were first used in Eastern Christian churches in the 9^th century (Encyclopedia 2011).

1.2                                                 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Traditionally, school bell is usually ring by an individual assign as a time keeper which leaves the class room for the analogue bell stand to ring the bell, this wastes time, involves labour and at times the ringer may forget the assignment as a result of other activities he is occupied with. In order to solve this challenge an automatic college bell with announcement system was built. This device reduces the stress of visiting the analog bell stand every hour of the day and night and the inaccuracy that is observed in ringing and it has the ability to announce the purpose of the bell.

1.3                                                    AIM OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of the work is to build a device that tells the students when it is time to go to class in the morning and when it is time to change classes during the day.

1.4                                               OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

At the end of this work the student involved shall know how to:

1. build automatic electronic bell for your school.
2. interface keypad, LCD , relay and real time clock DS1307 with pic microcontroller

1.5                                         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PTOJECT

An automatic bell system for schools or institutions reduces the effort necessary to control an electric bell manually that gives alarm for certain intervals of time based on school or college timings. The proposed system uses a simple basic microcontroller to make the product affordable and it has the ability to announce the purpose of the ringing.

1.6                                         PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of the work is to have accurate time keeping in the school and to stop manual bell ringer and to replace the effort of bell ringer with the device.

1.7                                      APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device can be used in places like:

1. School,
2. Church
3. Market
4. Meeting places,
5. Washing machine,
6. Microwave ovens.
7. Video recorders.
8. Security system.
9. Digital watches, etc.

1.8                                         ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

This project can be used in educational institutes, colleges, schools. This project can also be used in industries. It is an automatic system. Human errors can be avoided. Safety is assured

1.9                                                 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

This work is on an Automatic college bell system using a PIC16F877A. In this microcontroller based college bell circuit, we used three major components which are IC RTCDS1307, PIC16F877A, and 16×2 LCD modules. Here, PIC16F877A is used for reading time from ds1307 and display it on 16×2 LCD. DS1307 sends time/date using 2 lines to PIC16F877A. A buzzer is also used for alarm indication, which beeps when alarm is activated, simultaneously voice module will read out the data displayed on the LCD module. Here, the code is designed in a way so the bell will be activated for every 50 minutes as per the college schedule, the bell will be ringing for 50 seconds from the instant it is activated and simultaneously LCD screen will display the completion of a particular session, which indicates the students and faculty about the completion of a particular session and simultaneously the voice module will also read out the data which is being displayed on the LCD screen.

1.10                                       METHODOLOGY

To achieve the aim and objectives of this work, the following are the steps involved:

1. Study of the previous work on the project so as to improve it efficiency.
2. Draw a block diagram.

• Test for continuity of components and devices,

1. Design and calculation for the device was carried out.
2. Studying of various component used in circuit.
3. Construction of the circuit was carried out.

• Finally, the whole device was cased and final test was carried out.

1.11                        PROJECT WORK ORGANISATION

The various stages involved in the development of this project have been properly put into five chapters to enhance comprehensive and concise reading. In this project thesis, the project is organized sequentially as follows:

Chapter one of this work is on the introduction to automatic bell. In this chapter, the background, significance, objective, aim, scope, limitation and advantages of the work were discussed.

Chapter two is on literature review of an automatic bell. In this chapter, all the literature pertaining to this work was reviewed.

Chapter three is on design methodology. In this chapter all the method involved during the design and construction were discussed.

Chapter four is on testing analysis. All testing that result accurate functionality was analyzed.

Chapter five is on conclusion, recommendation and references.