Construction Of 4 Bulbs Solar Kit For Lighting System And USB

ABSTRACT

Renewable energy sources have great potential to give solutions to the longstanding energy problems being faced in Nigeria. Renewable energy sources can be an important part of Nigeria’s plan to increase energy security, move towards green energy and address environmental concerns. Solar Energy is emerging renewable energy technologies and can be developed as future potential option for electricity generation in Nigeria. Various solar energy technologies exist and they have different application techniques in the generation of electrical power. Solar panel efficiency depends upon the intensity of sunlight and the angle of incidence of the solar rays on semiconductor cells. As the earth rotate it become impossible to maintain the panel exactly facing the sun. It is the basic reason of reduced efficiency of solar panel. So to get maximum efficiency of solar panel it is require that the panel should always face the sun. Efficiency can be increased threefold by adding grapheme, because the material was helping to rapidly transport charges to achieve higher photocurrent. The main aim of this work is build a solar kit that consists of four 12v LED bulbs and 5v USB socket.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE STUDY
• PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
• LIMITATATION OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.2      OVERVIEW OF SOLAR ENERGY

2.3      MAXIMIUM ANGLE OF INCLINATION

2.4      SOLAR PANEL

2.5      HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SOLAR PANEL

2.6      REVIEW OF DIFFERENT PHOTOVOLTAIC MOUNTING SYSTEM

2.7      REVIEW OF SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCY

2.8      REVIEW OF SOLAR CELL MATERIALS

2.9      REVIEW OF EARLY GENERATOR

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      METHODOLOGY

3.1      BLOCK DIAGRAM

3.2      BLOCK DESCRIPTION

3.3      REQUIRED TOOLS

3.4      SOLAR SYSTEM COMPONENTS

3.5      SOLAR PANEL INSTALLATION PROCESS

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1      TESTING OF SOLAR PANELS

4.2      SOLAR PANEL MAINTENANCE

4.3      DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0      CONCLUSION AND RCOMMENDATION

• CONCLUSION
• RECOMMENDATION

5.3     REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                                        INTRODUCTION

1.1                                           BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Solar panels produce direct electricity with the help of electrons that are moving from negative to positive direction. Most of the appliances that we use at home work on direct current.

Basically solar kit supplies enough power to all the necessary appliances that runs of direct current.

Many people using solar energy these days proved that its necessity has been increased in the current years. A Solar kit is similar to a normal electric generator but uses the energy of the Sun, that is, Solar energy. A Solar kit helps in converting the solar energy into electric energy (direct current) with the help of solar panel. Direct power is that power which runs in one direction inside the circuit and helps in supplying current when there is no electricity. Direct currents are used for small appliance like mobile e phones, MP3 players, IPod etc. where there is power stored in the form of battery.

Solar kit is also called as photovoltaic solar generator. This device can help you save lot of money.  The small-scale grid  one have just two components i.e. the panels and generator while  the off grid systems are complicated and consists of batteries which allows users to use appliances during the night when there is no Sunlight available.  The solar panel and the batteries that are connected to convert Sunlight into electricity. The batteries are charged during the day time so that it can then be used to run appliances at night.

1.2                                               PROBLEM STATEMENT

As a result of erratic nature of power supply in Nigeria, sensitive appliances such as our lighting appliances  and phone charging system are affected by interruption of power supply thereby exposing us to blackout and keep our handset uncharged which affect human generally in that it takes away our happiness. This project is to provide a back-up and reliable power supply of 12v to our lighting system and 5v to our cell phone charging system which source is from a renewable energy source

1.3                                   AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of the study is to setup a portable device that can collect an input dc voltage from the solar panel and convert it to 12 and 5vdc output which can be use to light up our environment and charge our cell phones. The objectives are:

1. To provide a reliable power supply to our lighting and phone charging system
2. To overcome power supply challenge in our society.

• To understand how renewable energy works.

1.4                                                   SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this work focused on the providing a 12v power supply to a four LED bulbs and to provide a USB socket for charging handset. The solar kit converts the DC electricity from sources such as batteries or solar panel. Components that made up this device are: solar panel, solar charge controller, and rechargeable battery.

1.5                                              PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

The purpose of this study is to have a sustainable and renewable means of lighting our environment and charging our cell phones.

1.6                                          LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

1. This device can only be used to power a 12v led bulb and charge all cell phones.
2. The intensity of the Sun varies throughout the day. This creates an over-charging problem if the panels are connected to the battery directly, and It should also be able to tell you when you connect the panels wrongly (i.e. positive to negative, etc) and also provide protection against short-circuit. For this reason a charge controller must be used to offer protection from high voltage and current from the panels.

1.5                                                      SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research work will throw more light on the best techniques for using and installing solar energy. This study will also be designed to be of immense benefit to all the users of solar kit. It will help them to understand the function of each accessories.

It will also serve as a guide to whoever that wants to purchase kits.

Finally, it will also serve as a useful piece of information for both producers and users of solar devices.