Bionic Sensor Based Foot Sensing And Hip Monitoring With LCD Display

Because the target users of the assistive-type lower extremity exoskeletons (ASLEEs) are those who suffer from foot and hip disabilities, customized gait is adopted for the control of ASLEEs. However, the customized gait is unable to provide stable motion for variable terrain, for example, flat, uphill, downhill, and soft ground. The purpose of this paper is to realize gait detection and environment feature recognition for AIDER by developing a novel wearable sensing system. The wearable sensing system employs bionic sensors as a sensing matrix to achieve high accuracy of the detection.

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Spinal Cord Injuries (SCIs)

assistive-type lower extremity exoskeletons (ASLEEs)

Lower limb exoskeleton (LLE)

assistive-type LLE (ASLLE)

rehabilitation type LLE (RELLE)

Augmentation type LLE (AULLE)

TABLE OF CONTENT

COVER PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE

• INTRODUCTION
• BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM OF THE PROJECT
• SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
• APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT
• MOTIVATION
• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
• PROJECT ORGANISATION

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1      INTRODUCTION

2.2      OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY

2.3      ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENT DETECTION FOR THE AIDER

2.4      WHAT IS WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY?

2.5       EVOLUTION OF WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE

2.6     THE FUTURE OF “WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY”

2.7      HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY

2.8      CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR WEARABLES BEYOND FITNESS TRACKING

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.0      METHOD AND MATERIALS

3.1      DESIGN REQUIREMENT

3.2     DESIGN OF THE WEARABLE SENSING SYSTEM

3.3     SYSTEM MEASUREMENT EXPERIMENT

3.4       PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) FOR THE FOUR GROUND FEATURE EXTRACTION.

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      GROUND CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS AND RECOGNITION

4.1      GROUND CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS

4.2      PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) FOR THE FOUR GROUND FEATURE EXTRACTION

4.3       EXPERIMENTS

4.4       DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1       CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK

5.2       REFERENCES

CHAPTER ONE

1.0                                          INTRODUCTION

1.1                          BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

This work is on a wearable device which is used for monitoring and sensing foot and hip. Lower limb exoskeleton (LLE) robotic technology has been developed rapidly for the past 20 years. Three implementation fields, that is, augmentation, rehabilitation, and living support are explored. First, the human augmentation type LLE (AULLE) was developed for the military and aims at improving a soldier’s weight loading ability. The fields of application extend to disaster relief and industrial transport assistance. Kazerooni et al. developed the typical first generation AULLE which is named BLEEX [R. Steger, 2006]. Then, the third generation AULLE which is named HULC was developed for carrying a load of about 90 kg. Second, the rehabilitation type LLE (RELLE) was developed for patients whose lower limbs are inconvenienced [T. Vouga, 2017]. Typical patients include those with foot drop, spinal cord injuries, and strokes. The most famous RELLE is Lokomat, which is developed by the Hocoma Company [M. Munera, 2017]. The assistive-type LLE (ASLLE) is used to assist patients with lower limb disabilities but whose upper limbs are normal. The ASLLEs assist patients to return to their normal life. They do not only assist in walking motion on flat ground, climbing on stairs, or sitting down and standing, but they also rebuild their confidence in daily life. There are three typical commercial products that have been developed: ReWalk 6.0 [M. Talaty. 2013], Ekso GT [P. N. Gad, 2015], and HAL-5 [M. Talaty, 2013]. They each have a weight of about 20 kg. Besides these, lightweight ASLLEs have also been developed to assist spinal cord injury patients, such as Phoenix 3.0 [10] and INDEGO [11]. The researchers are also trying to prove their benefit to patients who have used the ASLLEs [L. A. Rapp, 2013].

1.2                                   PROBLEM STATEMENT

Foot and hip is too exposed to dislocation which is mostly occur as a result of accident, because of this reason there need for a smart monitoring to know the state, mostly for patients that is affected and for athletics for healthy purposes. This device was designed to solve this problem. It is wearable device for monitoring the state foot and hip.

1.3                                    AIM OF THE PROJECT

The main aim of this work is to build a multi-sensor pair of technology devices for the feet and hip that monitors out foot and hip.

1.4                                  SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The technology combines patent-pending sensors capable of feeling many layers of gravitational force on the feet. This enables detection of simple shifts of the body, capturing high-fidelity feedback on a variety of movements, including steps, jumps, squats, and kicks. It delivers data directly to mobile and connected devices. These sensory accessories come in pairs on an open wearable platform and are interfaced with LCD which serves as the output device.

1.5                           APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT

This device is used in different ways — gaming/sports, diagnostics:

In gaming, it can pair with the Oculus Rift and other gaming platforms including mobile devices where the device can detect movements like dancing, jumping, and kicking and can score foot movement for accuracy while working out or learning a new dance.

Diagnostics in sports and wellness applications include provision of feedback on muscle movements to help patients recover functionality over time. It can also be used for athletic training, helping train muscles to perfect a jump shot, test balance for a golf swing, or provide feedback on gait when running.

1.6                                            MOTIVATION

This device is intended for users with injury levels caused by traumatic injuries (e.g., vehicular crashing or falling from buildings) or disease (e.g., myelitis) [P. J. O’Connor, 2006 AND M. Pazzaglia, 2016]. The AIDER is aimed at extending the range of activities to advance their rehabilitation programs for Spinal Cord Injuries (SCIs). Besides, walking upright makes the patients feel more confident because they can make a conversation with friends at eye level and walk like normal persons.

1.7                             SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Wearable innovation yields critical patient information for enhanced administrations by social insurance suppliers. Wearable processes information from daily exercises.

The doctors can use them in diagnosing or treating patients. Wearable’s likewise offered a practical approach to convey data.

In this way, it guarantees a sterile domain to impart information. The wearable devices offer a first individual perspective of the client to the restorative expert.

In this way, it guarantees a sterile domain to impart information. The wearable devices offer a first individual perspective of the client to the restorative expert.

The Costs are moderate and affordable as per an individual’s budget. Numerous wearable changes that are accessible available are very user-friendly.

Somebody may use wearable innovation, is for better care. For a similar reason, a specialist might need to track a man’s information every day.

A patient too would profit by evaluated well-being to enhance finding and treatment.

The fast development in change has surprisingly upgraded the extent of remote wellbeing checking. It is the case in the present period.

Here ongoing wellbeing observing framework assumes a fundamental part. The thought behind making the structures is to lower the cost, simplicity of use, exactness, etc.

Most significantly it is also about information security. It encourages a two-route correspondence between the specialist and the patient.

The principle motivation behind these wellbeing checking frameworks is to give the most recent data. These frameworks have two interfaces, one for patients and another for the specialist.

The patient interface includes wearable sensors which separate restorative data of the patients. It transmits to an Android-based listening port employing Bluetooth.

The listening port exchanges this data to the web server. There it forms information to demonstrate reporting about the specialist’s interface.

Wearable devices for physically fit: Quality wearable gadgets are helping individuals with a fitness regime. Few of them are making progress toward individual fulfillment while some for intensity.

Wellness wearable, for example, Wellness trackers help in checking or following wellness related measurements, for example, walking a distance or running, calorie utilization, etc. At times you can also check your pulse and nature of resting.

Such trackers are predominant in games or wellness monstrosities, or overweight individuals. It enables them to screen physical exercises or a get-healthy plan

Endless Infections Avoidance utilizing Wearables: Infinite infection administration isn’t only a test, yet a weight to the human services framework. Majority of therapeutic services spends money on curing incessant sicknesses.

They are the most well-known, exorbitant, and preventable of all medical issues. These incorporate diabetes, asthma, coronary illness, and constant torment from different causes.

They require an interest in observing, consistency, and social changes. Using such innovation one can avoid those diseases.

The device can also monitor including heart bearing rate, coughing rate, pulse, and body temperature.

Wearables in Elderly Care: There has been a fast development of the elderly population. It is a reason for large increment in the interest for human services administrations.

For the most part, the senior people have more medical issues. It is in contrast with others. Older people are living longer and confronting new financial, therapeutic services, and own living difficulties.

1.9                                                         PROJECT ORGANISATION

The work is organized as follows: chapter one discuses the introductory part of the work, chapter two presents the literature review of the study, chapter three describes the methods applied, chapter four discusses the results of the work, chapter five summarizes the research outcomes and the recommendations.